Optimum Conditions for the Formation of Glycidyl Nitrate from 1,3-Dinitroglycerin

Abstract

One of the utilization of glycerol as byproduct of the biodiesel industry is to produce polyglycidyl nitrate, the most energetic polymer. The synthesize of polyglycidil nitrate from glycerol includes three steps: nitration, cyclization and polymerization. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimum conditions of cyclization. The cyclization was carried out in a 5 ml reactor and equipped with Hickman distillation head and nitrogen purge with the variables are mole ratio of sodium hydroxide/glycerol of 1/1 to 1.5/1, reaction temperature of 283.15 to 293.15 K and sodium hydroxide concentration of 15%. Each sample was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the composition of products. The optimum conditions are temperature of 288.15 K and the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide /glycerol of 1.5.

Utilization of Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry By-product into Several Higher Value Products

“…The three controlling reactions model gives better fit than seven controlling reactions model (Table 7.17). Nitration of glycerol to 1,3-dinitroglycerin was studied in the temperature range 10-30 C, the molar ratio of nitric acid to glycerol 1/1 to 7/1, and nitric acid concentration of 69% to get optimum operating conditions (Astuti et al 2016a). Nitration of glycerol to 1,3-dinitroglycerin was studied in the temperature range of 10-30 C, the molar ratio of nitric acid to glycerol 1/1 to 7/1, and nitric acid concentration of 69%.…”

“…The biggest results of glycidyl nitrate were obtained from the seventh variation. But the first variation produces glycidyl nitrate of 50 mol% with the amount of molar The optimum conditions of cyclization were studied by Astuti et al (2016b). The cyclization was carried out in a 5 ml reactor and equipped with Hickman distillation head and nitrogen purge with variations: the variables are mole ratio of sodium hydroxide/glycerol of 1/1 to 1.5/1, reaction temperature of 10-20 C, and sodium hydroxide concentration of 15% (Fig.…”

“…The mechanism of the polymerization reaction was studied by many researchers (Desai et al 1996;Paraskos et al 2004;Colclough et al 1993;Provatas 2000). Lewis acid catalysts were BF 3 (boron trifluoride), HBF 4 , and TEOP (triethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate), and BF 3 Et 2 O (boron tri fluoride etherate), BF 3 :THF (boron trifluoride tetrahidrofuran), BF 3 , PF 5 and SbF 5 (Highsmith et al 2002;Millar et al 1992;Astuti et al 2016b). Lewis acid catalysts form a catalystinitiator complex with polyols.…”

“…While the example of tetrol is 2,2 dihydroxymethyl, 1,3 propanadiol. The relatively low molecular weight of the polyol, preferably less than 500, more preferably below 300, is particularly preferred under 150 (Highsmith et al 2002;Astuti et al 2016b). According to Higsmith et al (2002) the initiator had at least two functional hydroxyls, preferably between 2 and 4, preferably between 2 and 3, having at least two unhindered hydroxyl groups.…”

The Formation of Local Catalyst from Zeolite, Characterization and Performance in the Reaction

“…Triacetin. Glycerol can be made of triacetin and trinitroglycerin [6][7][8][9][10]. Triacetin as bio additive can be synthesized by using glycerol and acetic acid [11].…”