Optimum external wall insulation thickness considering the annual CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Axaopoulos, Ioannis; Axaopoulos, Petros J.; Gelegenis, John; Fylladitakis, Emmanouil D.

doi:10.1177/1744259118774711

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The storage is thereby ensured for roughly 60 years due to the durable products life-cycle [ 2 ]. Second, by proper insulation of buildings, up to 72.2% of CO 2 -emission can be saved [ 3 ]. Third, considering own CO 2 emission of common insulating material [ 3 ], a substitution of these kind of products by wood products can yield further 1.1 t CO 2 savings for every cubic meter of wood [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

et al. 2021

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The thermal insulation of buildings using wood fiber insulation boards (WFIBs) constitutes a positive contribution towards climate change. Thereby, the bonding of wood fibers using mainly petrochemical-based resins such as polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) is an important measure to meet required board properties. Still there is a need to reduce or partial substitute the amount of these kinds of resins in favor of a greener product. This study therefore focusses on the feasibility of reducing the amount of pMDI by 50% through the addition of 1% BioPiva 395 or Indulin as two types of softwood Kraft-Lignin and lignin rich canola hulls together with propylene carbonate as a diluent. A panel density of 160 kg/m3 and a thickness of 40 mm was aimed. The curing of these modified pMDI was investigated by using two types of techniques: hot-steam (HS) and innovative hot-air/hot-steam-process (HA/HS). The WFIBs were then tested on their physical-mechanical properties. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) was determined at two different climates. An exemplary investigation of thermal conductivity was conducted as well. The WFIBs did undergo a further chemically based analysis towards extractives content and elemental (C, N) composition. The results show that it is feasible to produce WFIBs with lower quantities of pMDI resin and added lignin with enhanced physical-mechanical board properties, which were lacking no disadvantages towards thermal conductivity or behavior towards moisture, especially when cured via HA/HS-process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

et al. 2021

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“…The facades and roofs of hospital buildings can increase CO 2 emissions from energy consumption; therefore, the materials that make them up must be chosen appropriately [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of CO2 emissions from energy consumption in Spanish hospitals

García-Sanz-Calcedo¹

2019

Vib. proced.

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Hospitals generate a high amount of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere compared with residential and commercial buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify and identify the CO 2 emissions derived from energy consumption in hospitals, studying their relationship with functional variables. The aim of this article is to analyze the CO 2 emissions derived from the hospital energy consumption. In Spain, 14 hospitals were analyzed, studying the built surface area and the number of beds in the period 2010-2014. The results showed that in a hospital, the average annual CO 2 emissions divided by built surface area is around 0.10 Ton per m 2 , and the annual CO 2 emissions divided by number of beds is around 13 Ton per bed. These ratios will make it possible to benchmark hospital management and set targets for limiting emissions into the atmosphere.

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“…Yıllık ısıtma ve soğutma CO2 emisyonları, aşağıdaki denklemler kullanılarak hesaplanabilir [25]:…”

Section: Co2 Emisyonu Hesabıunclassified

“…, aşağıdaki denklem kullanılarak hesaplanmaktadır [25]:…”

Section: Yalıtım Malzemesi Içinunclassified

Determination and economic analysis of the optimum insulation thickness of building walls, considering annual CO2 emission

Şahin¹,

Kovacı²,

Dikmen³

2021

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Binalarda kullanılan enerji tüketiminin yaklaşık olarak %70-80'i ısıtma, soğutma ve sıcak su üretimi amaçlıdır. Binalarda enerji tasarrufu için alınabilecek başlıca önlemlerden birisi ısı yalıtımıdır. Bu çalışmada Denizli ili için kış aylarında binaların ısıtılması ve yaz aylarında soğutulmasında enerji tasarrufu için farklı yakıt türlerinde optimum izolasyon kalınlıkları arasındaki en ekonomik kombinasyonun belirlenmesinde farklı izolasyon malzemeleri ve CO2 emisyonları dikkate alınarak karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma sunulmuştur. Bu amaçla derece-saat yöntemi ve ömür maliyet analizi kullanılmıştır. Hesaplamalar dört farklı yalıtım malzemesi ve iki farklı yakıt için yapılmıştır. Çalışmada maliyeti minimum yapan optimum izolasyon kalınlığı, Denizli ili için kış aylarında ısıtma için 0.012-0.031 m, yaz aylarında soğutma için ise 0.009-0.022 m arasında değişmektedir. CO2 emisyonu, artan yalıtım kalınlığı ile logaritmik olarak düşmektedir. Belirlenen koşullar için enerji tasarrufunda %22-24'lük farkla izolasyon malzemesi olarak camyünü uygunken, CO2 emisyonu azlığı bakımından %10-34'lük farkla poliüretan daha uygundur. Enerji tasarrufu dikkate alındığında kömür doğalgaza göre yaklaşık %9-11 arasında daha ekonomiktir. Çevre etkisi açısından ise doğalgaz, kömür ile ısıtmaya göre, %37-40 oranında CO2 emisyonu azlığı ile tercih edilebilir. Denizli ilinde CO2 emisyonu için en düşük değerler, poliüretan yalıtım malzemesi ile kaplı, ısıtma kaynağı olarak doğalgaz kullanılan binada elde edilmektedir. Approximately 70-80% of the buildings' energy consumption is for heating, cooling, and hot water production. One of the main measures that can be taken to save energy in buildings is thermal insulation. In this study, a comparative study is presented by considering different insulation materials and CO2 emissions to determine the most economical combination between the optimum insulation thicknesses of different fuel types for heating and cooling of buildings in the Denizli province. For this purpose, a degree-hour method and life cost analysis is used. Calculations are made for four different insulating materials and two different fuels. The optimum insulation thickness, which minimizes the study's cost, varied between 0.012-0.031 m for heating in winter and 0.009-0.022 m for cooling in summer. CO2 emissions are decreasing logarithmically with increasing insulation thickness. Under specified conditions, glass wool is more suitable with a 22-24% difference in energy saving; polyurethane is more suitable with a 10-34% difference in terms of low CO2 emissions. While considering energy saving, coal is more economical between 9-11% compared to natural gas. Natural gas could be preferred with 37-40% CO2 emission reduction compared to heating with coal in terms of environmental impact. The lowest values for CO2 emission in the Denizli province are obtained in the building covered with polyurethane insulation material.

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Optimum external wall insulation thickness considering the annual CO₂ emissions

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

Study of CO2 emissions from energy consumption in Spanish hospitals

Determination and economic analysis of the optimum insulation thickness of building walls, considering annual CO2 emission

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Optimum external wall insulation thickness considering the annual CO2 emissions

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

On the Feasibility of a pMDI-Reduced Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards by Means of Kraft Lignin and Ligneous Canola Hulls

Study of CO2 emissions from energy consumption in Spanish hospitals

Determination and economic analysis of the optimum insulation thickness of building walls, considering annual CO2 emission

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Product

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Optimum external wall insulation thickness considering the annual CO₂ emissions