Oral cancer in Enugu, Nigeria, 1998–2003

Oji, Chima; Chukwuneke, FN

doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2006.09.001

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, Otoh et al [22] in Maiduguri North-east Nigeria found a male to female ratio of 3:4 and suggested that the relative higher preponderance of females in their study may be attributed to the increasing exposure of females in North-eastern Nigeria to carcinogens such as tobacco and alcohol. Other studies also reported female predilection for oral carcinomas [14,19].…”

Section: Sex Distribution Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Also, it was found that the serum levels of antioxidant vitamins A, C and E were significantly lower in oral cancer patient compared with those of normal patients (p=0.001, p=0.013 and p=0.015 respectively) [37]. Oji and Chukwuneke [14] in Enugu, found that patients with oral cancer in their tertiary health centre gave no history of tobacco or alcohol misuse. They postulated that poverty, malnutrition, lack of education, poor oral hygiene and chronic malaria may be more important in the aetiology and severity of oral cancer in their series [14].…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In North Eastern Nigeria, Akinmoladun et al [9] in Gombe reported that cancer of the oral cavity constitutes 19.5% of all head and neck malignancies, while Otoh et al [22] in Maiduguri, reported an average rate of 20 cases of oral cancer per annum. Oji and Chukwuneke [14] in South eastern Nigeria reported that oral cancers accounted for 2.7% of all cancer cases seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu over a sixyear period. In South-South Nigeria, Okoh et al [18] stated a prevalence of 18.7% in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) over a 25-year retrospective study.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Oral Cancer In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oji and Chukwuneke [14] in Enugu, found that patients with oral cancer in their tertiary health centre gave no history of tobacco or alcohol misuse. They postulated that poverty, malnutrition, lack of education, poor oral hygiene and chronic malaria may be more important in the aetiology and severity of oral cancer in their series [14]. Lawoyin et al [38] in Ibadan in their study, found a lack of association between oral cancer incidence and the known risk behaviours, and they suggested further investigations into other predisposing factors such as nutrients, genetic predisposition and the role of chronic infections, and that one or more of these might be more relevant in this environment.…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortality resulting from oral cancer is strongly correlated with the stage of diagnosis, as detection of early stage lesions is associated with significantly improved survival with lower morbidity [11,12]. In our environment, oral cancer is frequently diagnosed in the late stages because most patients present to the hospital late into the course of the disease [13,14]. Oral cancer awareness campaign and advocacy is necessary to increase the awareness of oral cancer scourge among the population on the need for regular dental visits, early recognition, and the dangers associated with late presentation of orofacial malignancy [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Cancer- The Nigerian Perspective

Okoh¹,

Okoh²

2017

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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Study background: In our environment, oral cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases encountered in dental practice. It is frequently diagnosed in the late stages because most patients present late in the course of the disease. This may be attributed to their low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, and some traditional beliefs in alternative native therapies. Some authors have reported on oral cancers specifically in their individual geographic settings; however, there is a paucity of reviews on Oral cancers generally in our environment. This study aims to review the prevalence, awareness and clinicopathologic patterns of oral cancers across the different geographic zones in Nigeria.Methods: Information was sourced from journals, electronic data base such as Medline, Pubmed, Elsevier ScienceDirect and personal research work.Result: Several prevalence rates have been reported in different geopolitical locations in our environment. Orofacial carcinomas were reported mostly in the older age groups while the Orofacial sarcomas were found in the slightly younger age groups. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type. There is a low level of awareness of these lesions among the low socio-economic groups which makes them present late in our health care facilities hence a poor prognosis. Conclusion:There is a need for increased awareness, advocacy and preventive care and early detection.

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Section: Sex Distribution Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Risk Factors Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Epidemiology Of Oral Cancer In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factors Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Cancer- The Nigerian Perspective

Okoh¹,

Okoh²

2017

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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Determination of nickel in blood and serum samples of oropharyngeal cancer patients consumed smokeless tobacco products by cloud point extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Arain

Kazi

Arain³

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Oropharyngeal cancer is a significant public health issue in the world. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has been increased among people who have habit of chewing smokeless tobacco (SLT) in Pakistan. The aim of present study was to evaluate the concentration of nickel (Ni) in biological samples (whole blood, serum) of oral (n = 95) and pharyngeal (n = 84) male cancer patients. For comparison purposes, the biological samples of healthy age-matched referents (n = 150), who consumed and did not consumed SLT products, were also analyzed for Ni levels. As the Ni level is very low in biological samples, a preconcentration procedure has been developed, prior to analysis of analyte by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Ni in acid-digested biological samples was complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (APDC), and a resulted complex was extracted in a surfactant Triton X-114. Acidic ethanol was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to its analysis by FAAS. The chemical variables, such as pH, amounts of reagents (APDC, Triton X-114), temperature, incubation time, and sample volume were optimized. The resulted data indicated that concentration of Ni was higher in blood and serum samples of cancer patients as compared to that of referents who have or have not consumed different SLT products (p = 0.012-0.001). It was also observed that healthy referents who consumed SLT products have two to threefold higher levels of Ni in both biological samples as compared to those who were not chewing SLT products (p < 0.01).

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Estimation of lead in biological samples of oral cancer patients chewing smokeless tobacco products by ionic liquid-based microextraction in a single syringe system

Arain

Kazi

Arain

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Several studies have reported that the chewing habit of smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been associated with oral cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the trace levels of lead (Pb) in biological samples (blood, scalp hair) of oral cancer patients and referents of the same age group (range 30-60 years). As the concentrations of Pb are very low in biological samples, so a simple and efficient ionic liquid-based microextraction in a single syringe system has been developed, as a prior step to determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In this procedure, the hydrophobic chelates of Pb with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) were extracted into fine droplets of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4MIM][PF6] within a syringe while using Triton X-114 as a dispersant. Factors influencing the microextraction efficiency and determination, such as pH of the sample, volume of [C4MIM][PF6] and Triton X-114, ligand concentration, and incubation time, were studied. To validate the proposed method, certified reference materials were analyzed and the results of Pb(2+) were in good agreement with certified values. At optimum experimental values of significant variables, detection limit and enhancement factor were found to be 0.412 μg/L and 80, respectively. The coexisting ions showed no obvious negative outcome on Pb preconcentration. The proposed method was applied satisfactorily for the preconcentration of Pb(2+) in acid-digested SLT and biological samples of the study population. It was observed that oral cancer patients who consumed different SLT products have 2-3-fold higher levels of Pb in scalp hair and blood samples as compared to healthy referents (p < 0.001). While 31.4-50.8% higher levels of Pb were observed in referents chewing different SLT products as compared to nonconsumers (p < 0.01).

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Oral cancer in Enugu, Nigeria, 1998–2003

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Oral Cancer- The Nigerian Perspective

Oral Cancer- The Nigerian Perspective

Determination of nickel in blood and serum samples of oropharyngeal cancer patients consumed smokeless tobacco products by cloud point extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Estimation of lead in biological samples of oral cancer patients chewing smokeless tobacco products by ionic liquid-based microextraction in a single syringe system

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