Oral contraceptive use before first birth and risk of breast cancer: a case control study

Hemminki, Elina; Luostarinen, Tapio; Pukkala, Eero; Apter, Dan; Hakulinen, Timo

doi:10.1186/1472-6874-2-9

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Use of OCs instead of lifestyle and/or medications to manage polycystic ovarian syndrome might make lipid levels worse (Cheang et al, 2011). Continuous use of OCs among adolescents and young adults also increases the risk of breast cancer (Bhupathiraju et al, 2016;Hemminki et al, 2002;Lanfranchi 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Contraception Use on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults

Fehring

Bouchard

Meyers³

2018

Linacre Q

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Oral contraceptives (OCs) are often prescribed to adolescents and young adults for the treatment of health problems and to avoid unwanted pregnancies. We hypothesized that the use of OCs, among adolescents and young adults, is associated with a greater likelihood of pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and sexual behaviors that will enhance those problems (i.e., earlier sexual debut and more sexual partners) than adolescents and young adults not using OCs. To test this hypothesis, data from 1,365 adolescents and young adults in the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were used to describe the influence of ever use of OCs on ever having sex, sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, STDs, PID, pregnancy, and abortion. A secondary purpose was to evaluate protective factors from unhealthy sexual practices like religiosity, church attendance, and intact families. We found that the "ever use" of OCs by US adolescents and young adults results in a greater likelihood of ever having sex, STDs, PID, pregnancy, and abortion compared with those adolescents and young adults who never used OCs. Furthermore, those adolescents who ever used OCs had significantly more male sexual partners than those who never used OCs, and they also had an earlier sexual debut by almost two years. Conversely, we found that frequent church attendance, identification of the importance of religion, and having an intact family among adolescents were associated with less likelihood of unsafe sexual practices. We concluded that the use of OCs by adolescents and young adults might be considered a health risk. Further research is recommended to confirm these associations. The purpose of this article was to show the correlation between contraceptive use in adolescents and negative sexual outcomes. We used data from the 2011-2013 NSFG and demonstrated that never married adolescents who used oral hormonal contraception were three times more likely to have an STD, have PID, and to become pregnant, and, surprisingly, ten times more likely of having an abortion compared to noncontracepting adolescents. These are outcomes that contraception is intended to prevent. These data also showed that the contraceptors had significantly more male partners than their contraceptive counterparts. Protective factors such as church attendance and family cohesiveness were associated with a decreased likelihood of sexual activity.

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Contraception Use on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults

Fehring

Bouchard

Meyers³

2018

Linacre Q

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“…Por lo tanto, se realizó seguimiento al 94% de la muestra, muy superior al 80% que es considerado como límite inferior por el CEBM. En este estudio no se cumplió el seguimiento mínimo recomendado por el CEBM para todas las mujeres pero es poco probable que las mujeres con menor seguimiento hayan iniciado el uso de ACO justo en el momento de la encuesta (se trata de mujeres mayores de 30 años) ya que según un estudio la edad de inicio de uso de ACO en Noruega promedio es 20 años (12,13). Las mujeres "límite" serían una cohorte "implícita" ya que estaban expuestas al factor de riesgo desde hacía más de 10 años en promedio.…”

Section: Estudiounclassified

¿son Los Anticonceptivos Orales Un Factor De Riesgo Para El Desarrollo De Cáncer De Mama?

2007

Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.

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INTRODUCCIÓNEl uso de la contracepción hormonal femenina (AC) se inició a principios de los años 60 con los anticonceptivos orales de primera generación. Hasta la fecha unos 200 millones de mujeres en el mundo la han utilizado (1). El método más utilizado es el anticonceptivo oral (ACO) combinado, que contiene estrógenos y progestágenos, que se prepara a partir de varios componentes, en distintas dosis y combinaciones. Otros tipos contienen solo progestágenos, que pueden ser orales (APO) o RESUMEN Antecedentes: Una de las asociaciones más controversiales con respecto al uso de anticonceptivos orales (ACO) corresponde al eventual aumento de riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer de mama. Objetivo: Determinar si la evidencia disponible en la actualidad apoya esta asociación. Método: Se analizaron cinco trabajos de un total de doce revisados, de acuerdo a los criterios y niveles de evidencia propuestos por la Universidad de Oxford. Resultados: Pudimos inferir que en base a la evidencia actual el uso de ACO sí se relaciona con un aumento del riesgo de presentar cáncer de mama durante y una vez suspendido su uso. Sin embargo, este riesgo se iguala al de la población no usuaria a los diez años post suspensión de ACO. Esta relación sería independiente a la cantidad de años de uso de anticonceptivos, y tendría relación con la cantidad de estrógeno contenida por cada tipo particular de anticonceptivo. Conclusión: Serán necesarios nuevos estudios que evalúen las formulaciones más recientes de anticonceptivos cuando las usuarias alcancen la edad de mayor incidencia de cáncer de mama (40-60 años).PALABRAS CLAVE: Anticonceptivos orales, cáncer de mama, riesgo SUMMARY Background: One of the most controversial associations regarding the use of oral contraceptives has been the possibility of increasing risk of developing breast cancer. Objective: To determine if the available evidence supports that association. Methods: We analyzed 5 articles of a total of 12 that were reviewed. We used the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation of the Oxford-Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: We were able to infer that, based on the available evidence, the use of oral contraceptives correlates with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer during and after ending it's use. This risk equals that of the non users after 10 years post cessation of use. This association would be independent of the amount of years the contraceptives were used but would be correlated with the amount of estrogen that they contain. Conclusion: New studies that evaluate the new contraceptive formulations must be undergone when their users reach the age of highest incidence of breast cancer (40-60 years).

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“…Use of combined oral contraceptives doubles the risk of breast cancer in young women, especially when users are compared with carefully confirmed never-users of hormones (Hemminki et al, 2002). A case report has identifies a woman who died of multi-organ failure following an over dose of misoprostol (Henriques et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotec Induced Embryotoxicity in Developing Mus musculus

Naeem¹,

Ahmad²,

Asmatullah³

2010

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The study was carried out to assess the developmental abnormalities induced by Cytotec in mice during intrauterine life. Pregnant mice were exposed to a single dose of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 μg/g BW on day 8 of gestation. Fetuses were recovered on day 18 of gestation. These fetuses were subjected to morphological and morphometric studies. Morphological studies showed abnormalities like anophthalmia, microophthalmia, micromelia and syndactyly. In addition to these, resorptions were also encountered in the higher dose groups. Morphometric analysis showed an overall reduction in body weight, crown rump length, brain and eye circumference, pinna and snout size, length of fore and hind limb and tail size with a significant difference (p<0.001) compared to controls. The outcomes of histological studies revealed some brain defects like hydrocephaly, enlarged third ventricle and undifferentiated ectoneural cells and abnormalities of the heart included right auricle thrombosis and degeneration of trabecular zone.

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Oral contraceptive use before first birth and risk of breast cancer: a case control study

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of Contraception Use on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults

Influence of Contraception Use on the Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young Adults

¿son Los Anticonceptivos Orales Un Factor De Riesgo Para El Desarrollo De Cáncer De Mama?

Cytotec Induced Embryotoxicity in Developing Mus musculus

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