Oral microbiome shifts during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Hormonal and Immunologic changes at play

Ye, Changchang; Kapila, Yvonne

doi:10.1111/prd.12386

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…These findings suggest that bacteremia may not be a temporary nor a localized problem. Furthermore, it has been revealed that microbes can be found in the lungs of healthy people [ 5 , 85 , 86 ] and cancer patients [ 87 ], the placenta of healthy pregnant women, albeit controversial [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], and the brains in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], which had long been considered sterile.…”

Section: Focal Infection Theory and Leaky Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Cells

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The oral cavity is the gateway for microorganisms into your body where they disseminate not only to the directly connected respiratory and digestive tracts but also to the many remote organs. Oral microbiota, travelling to the end of the intestine and circulating in our bodies through blood vessels, not only affect a gut microbiome profile but also lead to many systemic diseases. By gathering information accumulated from the era of focal infection theory to the age of revolution in microbiome research, we propose a pivotal role of “leaky gum”, as an analogy of “leaky gut”, to underscore the importance of the oral cavity in systemic health. The oral cavity has unique structures, the gingival sulcus (GS) and the junctional epithelium (JE) below the GS, which are rarely found anywhere else in our body. The JE is attached to the tooth enamel and cementum by hemidesmosome (HD), which is structurally weaker than desmosome and is, thus, vulnerable to microbial infiltration. In the GS, microbial biofilms can build up for life, unlike the biofilms on the skin and intestinal mucosa that fall off by the natural process. Thus, we emphasize that the GS and the JE are the weakest leaky point for microbes to invade the human body, making the leaky gum just as important as, or even more important than, the leaky gut.

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Section: Focal Infection Theory and Leaky Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the old dogma that the lungs and placenta are sterile becomes obsolete [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], the oral microbiota has proven to be the primary source of the bacterial microbiota in human organs [ 6 ]. For one, microaspiration during respiratory activity, such as oral breathing, affects the lung microbiota [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Park¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

Cells

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Among obesity-related recurring comorbidities, periodontal diseases represent an additional important risk factor for pregnancy outcomes [ 16 ]. During pregnancy, both obesity and diabetes can cause oral dysbiosis [ 17 ], which is the primary cause of periodontal diseases [ 18 ]. In turn, maternal periodontal diseases have been associated with poor obstetric outcomes, such as pre-term birth, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight, especially in obese women with pre-gestational obesity and GDM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Profiling in the Saliva of Obese Pregnant Women

et al. 2022

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Maternal obesity is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, strongly impacting the intrauterine environment with detrimental consequences for both mother and offspring. The saliva is a non-invasive biofluid reflecting both local and systemic health status. This observational study aimed to profile the epigenetic signature in the saliva of Obese (OB) and Normal-Weight (NW) pregnant women. Sixteen NW and sixteen OB Caucasian women with singleton spontaneous pregnancies were enrolled. microRNAs were quantified by the OpenArray Platform. The promoter region methylation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-Beta1) was assessed by pyrosequencing. There were 754 microRNAs evaluated: 20 microRNAs resulted in being differentially expressed between OB and NW. microRNA pathway enrichment analysis showed a significant association with the TGF-Beta signaling pathway (miTALOS) and with fatty acids biosynthesis/metabolism, lysine degradation, and ECM–receptor interaction pathways (DIANA–miRPath). Both SOCS3 and TGF-Beta1 were significantly down-methylated in OB vs. NW. These results help to clarify impaired mechanisms involved in obesity and pave the way for the understanding of specific damaged pathways. The characterization of the epigenetic profile in saliva of pregnant women can represent a promising tool for the identification of obesity-related altered mechanisms and of possible biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-adverse conditions.

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“…Periodontal pathogens invade the uterus via hematogenous dissemination, causing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, the periodontal pathogens found in the fetal-placenta unit include Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Prevotella intermedia , Campylobacter rectus , Tannerella forsythia , Treponema denticola , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Porphyromonas gingivalis , and the most common species are P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Related To Periodontal Disease Leading To Adverse...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and management strategies

2022

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Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of tissues supporting the tooth. A large number of studies have confirmed that periodontal pathogens and their metabolites can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in direct or indirect ways. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia, have a serious impact on human reproductive health. In recent years, although the level of global medical technology has gradually improved, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has not declined and is still a global public health problem. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the pathogenic mechanism related to this association, the efficacy of different nutrition supplements for both periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect of providing periodontal treatment on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes in clinical practice.

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Oral microbiome shifts during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Hormonal and Immunologic changes at play

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Leaky Gum: The Revisited Origin of Systemic Diseases

Epigenetic Profiling in the Saliva of Obese Pregnant Women

Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and management strategies

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