Orally Administrable Wireless Activity and pH Probe for Cattle Reticulum

Andersson, Lars M; Arai, Shozo; Okada, Hironao

doi:10.18494/sam.2018.2046

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Once in its intended location in the reticulum, the probe is in an almost horizontal position with respect to the longitudinal axis. Acceleration measurements may be influenced by factors such as the flow of the contents of the reticulorumen and reticuloruminal motion [3,15]. In the present study, there were many periods during which relatively clear data dominated the signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Probe rotations occur with varying frequency and tend to be concomitant with reticuloruminal motion. A bolus sensor can be confirmed to be located in the reticulum by palpation through the rumen cannula [3,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We first examined the correlation between ruminal motility shown by the force transducer and the acceleration shown by the bolus sensor. The bolus sensor was orally administered by using a custom-made gastric tube, without surgery, and the bolus sensor was confirmed to be located in the reticulum by the movement pattern of acceleration [3]. The force transducer was sutured onto the dorsal sac of the rumen, with surgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration of the wireless sensor and system were modified based on our methods [3,20]. We designed a wireless sensor probe that can be administered to cattle orally.…”

Section: The Bolus-type Wireless Sensor and Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A force transducer method requires surgery, and it is difficult to carry out continuous ultrasonography measurements over a long term. More recently, bolus wireless sensors with an accelerometer were developed, and several research groups have attempted to assess the function of reticulorumen such as rumination or the motion of reticulorumen in cattle [3,15,20]. It has been unclear whether a bolus wireless sensor with an accelerometer can assess the ruminal motility in cattle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of ruminal motility in cattle by a bolus-type wireless sensor

et al. 2019

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We evaluated the relationship between ruminal motility measured by a force transducer and acceleration measured by bolus sensor, and we assessed the detection of ruminal motility in cattle by a bolus-type wireless sensor. The bolus sensor can be orally administered to cattle and was placed in the reticulum for continuous measurements. The probe was almost horizontal to the longitudinal axis. The bolus sensor's basic y-axis acceleration movement appeared to have a very distinct vertical pattern, occurring roughly 1−1.5 times/min with a duration of approximately 8 sec, displaying at around 500 mG. A significant positive correlation was observed between the ruminal contraction revealed by the force transducer and the acceleration shown by the bolus sensor (P<0.01). The contraction of the dorsal sac of the rumen and the acceleration signals in the reticulum occurred at practically the same time. The frequency and amplitude of ruminal contraction demonstrated by the bolus sensor and the force transducer in feeding were significantly higher than those at rest (P<0.01). The bolus sensor could also detect ruminal atony in the cattle after the administration of xylazine. A bolus-type wireless sensor may thus be useful for the measurement of ruminal motility in cattle and for detecting rumen dysfunction (e.g., ruminal atony).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration of the wireless sensor and system were modified based on our methods [3,20]. We designed a wireless sensor probe that can be administered to cattle orally.…”

Section: The Bolus-type Wireless Sensor and Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of ruminal motility in cattle by a bolus-type wireless sensor

et al. 2019

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Review: Rumen sensors: data and interpretation for key rumen metabolic processes

Dijkstra

Gastelen

Dieho

et al. 2020

Animal

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Rumen sensors provide specific information to help understand rumen functioning in relation to health disorders and to assist in decision-making for farm management. This review focuses on the use of rumen sensors to measure ruminal pH and discusses variation in pH in both time and location, pH-associated disorders and data analysis methods to summarize and interpret rumen pH data. Discussion on the use of rumen sensors to measure redox potential as an indication of the fermentation processes is also included. Acids may accumulate and reduce ruminal pH if acid removal from the rumen and rumen buffering cannot keep pace with their production. The complexity of the factors involved, combined with the interactions between the rumen and the host that ultimately determine ruminal pH, results in large variation among animals in their pH response to dietary or other changes. Although ruminal pH and pH dynamics only partially explain the typical symptoms of acidosis, it remains a main indicator and may assist to optimize rumen function. Rumen pH sensors allow continuous monitoring of pH and of diurnal variation in pH in individual animals. Substantial drift of non-retrievable rumen pH sensors, and the difficulty to calibrate these sensors, limits their application. Significant within-day variation in ruminal pH is frequently observed, and large distinct differences in pH between locations in the rumen occur. The magnitude of pH differences between locations appears to be diet dependent. Universal application of fixed conversion factors to correct for absolute pH differences between locations should be avoided. Rumen sensors provide high-resolution kinetics of pH and a vast amount of data. Commonly reported pH characteristics include mean and minimum pH, but these do not properly reflect severity of pH depression. The area under the pH × time curve integrates both duration and extent of pH depression. The use of this characteristic, as well as summarizing parameters obtained from fitting equations to cumulative pH data, is recommended to identify pH variation in relation to acidosis. Some rumen sensors can also measure the redox potential. This measurement helps to understand rumen functioning, as the redox potential of rumen fluid directly reflects the microbial intracellular redox balance status and impacts fermentative activity of rumen microorganisms. Taken together, proper assessment and interpretation of data generated by rumen sensors requires consideration of their limitations under various conditions.

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