2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107072
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Orb5: A global electromagnetic gyrokinetic code using the PIC approach in toroidal geometry

Abstract: This paper presents the current state of the global gyrokinetic code Orb5 as an update of the previous reference [Jolliet et al., Comp. Phys. Commun. 177 409 (2007)]. The Orb5 code solves the electromagnetic Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations using a PIC scheme and also includes collisions and strong flows. The code assumes multiple gyrokinetic ion species at all wavelengths for the polarization density and drift-kinetic electrons. Variants of the physical model can be selected for electrons such as assuming a… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(139 citation statements)
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“…ORB5 is a global, nonliner, gyrokinetic, electromagnetic, PIC code, which can take into account collisions and sources [3,8]. The gyrokinetic model of ORB5 [9] contains the reduced MHD equations as a subset [10].…”
Section: Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…ORB5 is a global, nonliner, gyrokinetic, electromagnetic, PIC code, which can take into account collisions and sources [3,8]. The gyrokinetic model of ORB5 [9] contains the reduced MHD equations as a subset [10].…”
Section: Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We refer for more exhaustive explanations to Ref. [8], which also give a more complete description of the recent updates in ORB5. Concerning the magnetic equilibrium in use, ORB5 can either upload an ideal-MHD equilibrium (solution of the Grad-Shafranov equation) from the CHEASE code [11], or consider ad-hoc equilibria constituted by circular, concentric magnetic surfaces.…”
Section: Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among others, the code also features inter-and intra-species collisions [19], heat sources [20], and strong flows [21]. A detailed description of ORB5 capabilities can be found in [12].…”
Section: The Orb5 Codementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our target code is ORB5 [9,10,11,12], a state-ofthe-art, first-principles-based gyrokinetic code. It is a Lagrangian, delta-f , Particle-In-Cell (PIC), finite element, global, electromagnetic code developed by the Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) in collaboration with the Max Planck IPP in Garching and Greifswald and the University of Warwick.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Electrostatic gyrokinetic simulations have been the topic of numerous studies during the last decades [10], [11], [12], so that the properties of the electrostatic instabilities in the framework of the gyrokinetic theory are rather well known. However, global electromagnetic simulations are more recent [13], [14], [15] and some elements related to the GK electromagnetic instability mechanisms still need to be clarified.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%