Orchard Systems for Apple and Pear: Conditions for Success

Wertheim, S.J.; Wagenmakers, P. S.; Bootsma, J. H.; Groot, M.J.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.557.28

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Conference trained in slender spindle system with 4,000 plants ha -1 presented yield 9 t higher when compared to 2,000 plants ha -1 , fact that was associated to a interception light increase from 62 to 74%. According to Wertheim et al (2001), the planting density could be higher without interception light and fruit size commitment in system where the plants are distributed over superficies in three dimensions such as "Y" and "V" systems. Means in columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 5% level using the means separation Tukey's test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quince 'CPP': new dwarf rootstock for pear trees on organic and high density planting

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT-In Brazil, pear production presents the same incipient situation over the last 15 years, due mostly to low production technology. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the development, growth and production of the pear tree cultivars Cascatense, Tenra and Hosui grafted on 'CPP' quince rootstock, using 'FT' pear as interstem. This trial was carried out in Guarapuava, State of Paraná, Southern region of Brazil, by five productive cycles. The pear trees were planted in September of 2004, spaced at 1.0 x 4.0 m (2,500 trees ha -1 ), trained to the modified central leader, on a Four-wire trellis, with drip irrigation and cultivated under organic production system. The following variables were evaluated: sprouting, anthesis, yield, fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pulp firmness, canopy area per plant and per hectare and trunk diameter. The pear tree cv. Tenra was outstanding most of the years for fruit yield, and, consequently, showed the highest accumulated yield over the period (51.6 t ha -1 ), followed by the cultivars Cascatense (39.7 t ha -1 ) and Hosui (18.7 t ha -1 ). All pear cultivars presented suitable physical-chemical characteristics for commercial purposes, with minimal average soluble solids content of 11% at harvest. The maximum canopy area per hectare was attained for cv. Cascatense (3063.2 m 2 ), that was considered insufficient for a high yield. These results suggest the needs for studies with higher density planting and other training systems, searching optimize canopy volume. One of the most limiting factors in the organic pear orchard was the incidence of pear dieback caused by Botriosphaeria dothidea, severe more often in pear trees cv. Hosui. Index terms: Pyrus spp., Cydonia oblonga, agroecology, phenology, deciduous fruits. MARMELEIRO 'CPP': NOVO PORTA-ENXERTO ANÃO PARA PEREIRAS EM PLANTIOS ORGÂNICOS E EM ALTA DENSIDADERESUMO -No Brasil, a produção de peras apresenta a mesma situação incipiente dos últimos 15 anos, devido principalmente à baixa tecnologia de produção. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, o desenvolvimento e a produção das cultivares de pereira Cascatense, Tenra e Hosui enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto marmeleiro 'CPP', utilizando como interenxerto a pereira 'FT'. O experimento foi conduzido em Guarapuava, Paraná, por cinco ciclos produtivos. As pereiras foram plantadas em setembro de 2004, espaçadas em 1,0 x 4,0 m (2.500 plantas ha -1 ), conduzidas em sistema de líder central modificado, em espaldeira com quatro fios, irrigação por gotejamento e sistema de produção orgânica. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: brotação, florescimento, produtividade, massa dos frutos, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, firmeza da polpa, área da copa por planta e por hectare, e diâmetro do tronco. A pereira cv. Tenra foi superior na maioria dos anos para a produção de frutos e, consequentemente, apresentou a maior produtividade acumulada no período (51,6 t ha -1 ), seguida pelas cultivares Cascatense (39,7...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Wertheim et al (2001), worldwide, new apple and pear orchards are planted more intensively than a few decades ago. Reasons for this trend toward high-density planting (HDP) are universals: earlier return on capital, economizing in labor input and producing a high yield of quality fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quince 'CPP': new dwarf rootstock for pear trees on organic and high density planting

et al. 2012

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“…Numerous studies on pear training systems have been carried out around the world (Deckers, 1992;Sansavini & Musacchi, 1993;Corelli-Grappadelli, 2000;Wertheim et al, 2001;Elkins & DeJong, 2002;Musacchi, 2008;Robinson, 2008;Sosna & Czaplicka, 2008;Turner et al, 2008;Monney & Evéquoz, 2009;Vercammen, 2014;Heijerman et al, 2015), but research shows that no system is optimum for all conditions (Barritt, 1987). Therefore, it is necessary to conduct exhaustive studies to find the best training system for each particular situation: cultivar, rootstock, climate, and economic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and profitability of ‘Conference’ pear in five training systems in North East of Spain

Lordan

Alegre²,

Montserrat³

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Training systems are key to manage the tree canopy to take advantage of the tree productivity potential. Assessment of yearly cropping, labor requirements, fruit quality, and orchard profitability were studied. The experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five different training systems on Quince EMC rootstock and 'Conference' as the scion cultivar were compared. The results of this study show that the use of preformed highly feathered trees is an improvement for both, early cropping and profitability. Planting cost, trellis, and labor requirements had a large impact on the economic viability of each system. Tatura produced high yields, but the strong initial investment that needs to be done at planting makes this system a risky investment. Axis 2 seems to be the most suitable system for early cropping while maintaining intermediate plantation costs and an appropriate level of production efficiency.

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“…A successful high density orchard should start cropping early and give annually a production of high amounts of high-quality fruit in an economically justified way (Volz et al, 1994;Wertheim et al, 2000). High quality nursery trees should be used for establishment of new apple orchard, from which growers expect fruiting in the second leaf and full production by the fourth leaf (Wilton, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of BA and BA+GA4+7 on formation of sylleptic shoots on one-year-old apple nursery trees

et al. 2015

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This study presents the influence of BA (6-benzyladenine) and BA+GA 4+7 (6-benzyladenine + gibberellic acids 4 and 7) on feathering of oneyear-old apple trees of two cultivars Jonagold and Čadel. Different concentrations of BA (300, 600, 1,200 and 1,800 mg L -1 ) and BA+GA 4+7 (500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg L -1 ) were applied, and two treatments for both chemicals were performed. The first treatment was applied at 70-cm height of nursery trees and the second 2 weeks later. Comparison was performed in relation to untreated control. An application of BA and BA+GA 4+7 did not affect both rootstock and nursery tree diameter at 10 cm above the grafting union. Nursery trees of cultivar Jonagold were not influenced by treatments applied, whereas in cultivar Čadel, the treatment with BA+GA 4+7 decreased apical growth of nursery trees. The development of sylleptic shoots in both cultivars tested was influenced by the type of growth regulator and concentration applied. Treatment with BA at 300 mg L -1 concentration in both cultivars tested did not influence total length and number of sylleptic shoots, as well as the number of sylleptic shoots longer than 20 cm. The most positive influence on all studied parameters was observed on nursery trees treated with the concentration of 1,200 mg L -1 BA. The lowest concentration of BA+GA 4+7 (500 mg L -1 ) caused the low feathering of both studied cultivars. The higher concentrations (1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg L -1 ) similarly increased the number and total length of sylleptic shoots of nursery trees.

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Orchard Systems for Apple and Pear: Conditions for Success

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Quince 'CPP': new dwarf rootstock for pear trees on organic and high density planting

Quince 'CPP': new dwarf rootstock for pear trees on organic and high density planting

Yield and profitability of ‘Conference’ pear in five training systems in North East of Spain

The influence of BA and BA+GA4+7 on formation of sylleptic shoots on one-year-old apple nursery trees

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