Order Falconiformes (Hawks, Eagles, Falcons, Vultures)

Chebez, Juan Carlos; Aguilar, Roberto

doi:10.1002/9780470376980.ch12

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This is normally sufficient to establish the diagnosis [68,69,74,75]. Ante mortem diagnosis is based on clinical signs, leukograme, serology, culture and also acid-fast stain or biopsy samples of fluids or organs [76][77][78][79][80]. Radiography and ultrasonography are also useful in the medical evaluation of birds [79].…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium Complex in Domestic and Wild Animals

Coelho¹,

Pinto²,

Matos³

et al. 2013

Insights From Veterinary Medicine

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Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium Complex in Domestic and Wild Animals

Coelho¹,

Pinto²,

Matos³

et al. 2013

Insights From Veterinary Medicine

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“…Mycobacterial infection has been reported in parrots (11,19,25,35), raptors (2,9,19,22,23,25,27,29,31,(36)(37)(38), doves and pigeons (2,19,28,39), cranes (27,33,34,36,40,41), musofagides and ratites (42,43), ducks (11,26,44), songbirds (11,26), toucans (45), flamingos (46)(47)(48)(49) and turkeys (21).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical cases of avian mycobacteriosis in wild birds involve lack of subcutaneous and mesenteric fat accompanied by severe atrophy of pectoral muscle, characteristic white, gray or yellow nodules and hepatosplenomegally (12,21,27,29,34,41,48,52). Granulomatous lesions may be found in the lungs, spleen, intestines, bone marrow, heart, gonads, skin and joints (hepatic lesions predominating) (3,9,11,12,14,(20)(21)(22)(23)25,(27)(28)(29)36,37,40,48,52,53). Unusual lesions have included necrotic ulceration of the tongue and chronic granulomatous lesions located in the dermis around the nostrils and retro-orbital and sinus infraorbitary tissues (11,12,20,29,37).…”

Section: Macroscopic Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans receiving steroid therapy, chemotherapy or other immunosuppressive medication and patients infected with HIV, AIDS or leukaemia should be carefully considered regarding their possession or coming into contact with birds proving positive for mycobacterial infection. Preventative measures should be taken regarding visiting national parks and zoos (12,25,37,57). Several clinical manifestations of avian mycobacteriosis occur in human patients (7,10,11).…”

Section: Zoonotic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ante-mortem diagnosis is based on clinical signs, leukograme, serology, culture and resistant acid alcohol stain or biopsy samples of animal fluids or organs (11,19,25,29,37). Radiography, ultrasonography and coelomoscopy are useful in the medical evaluation of birds (25,29).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacteriosis in Wild Birds: the Potential risk of Disseminating a Little-known Infectious Disease

Soler¹,

Brieva²,

Ribón³

2009

Rev. salud pública

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Avian mycobacteriosis is important for animal and human health; wild birds play an important role in mycobacterial species' ecology and movement. This review was aimed at reporting the role of birds in the spread of avian mycobacteriosis in human and animal populations at risk and thus a systematic review was made of PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo and Scirus databases. Mycobacteria are classified into the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria; the Mycobacterium avium complex represents the most important part of the latter because it is primarily responsible for mycobacterial infection in wild birds and is a potential pathogen for mammals, especially for immunocompromised patients. The clinical signs in birds are variable as it is a chronic and debilitating disease, involving emaciated carcasses, white nodules in different organs and microscopically it presents granulomatosous multifocal inflammation. Diagnosis begins by suspicion based on clinical signs and finishes with microbiological confirmation. New diagnostic techniques include testing with DNA-RNA probes. No effective treatment is currently available and chemoprophylaxis on suspicion of infection is not recommended at the start; these factors increase the potential risk of mycobacteriosis becoming one of the most frequently documented zoonotic diseases which is difficult to treat in birds and humans. Recent concern regarding mycobacterial infection lies in the increased frequency of these opportunistic infections occurring in immunocompromised individuals and these infections' potential impact on bird conservation, this being increased by greater contact between humans and wild and captive birds.

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