Organ Abnormalities Caused by Turner Syndrome

Yoon, Sang Hoon; Kim, Ga Yeon; Choi, Gyu Tae; Tae, Jeong

doi:10.3390/cells12101365

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…[ 10 ] Following renal denervation in a 6-year-old girl with Turner syndrome, her BP returned to normal 12 months after the operation. [ 11 ] Therefore, reducing the excitability of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with Turner syndrome and inhibiting the activation of the RAAS may be potential targets for treating hypertension in patients with Turner syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant hypertension in a patient with Turner syndrome: A case report

Yang,

Ye,

Wang

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Rationale: Turner syndrome is characterized by complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. In patients with Turner syndrome, hypertension is well described. However, the literature regarding malignant hypertension is scarce. Therefore, an accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment are important. Patient concerns: A 13-year-old female with Turner syndrome presented to the emergency department with malignant hypertension, headache, spraying vomiting, convulsion, and loss of consciousness. Considering her medical history, symptoms, and auxiliary examination, secondary hypertension (primary reninism) was suspected, but without any occupying or hyperplasia in renal and adrenal. Diagnosis: A type of secondary hypertension, primary reninism. Interventions: The patient was immediately transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. Subsequently, she was given nifedipine 0.35 mg/kg and captopril 0.35mg/kg to reduce blood pressure (BP), mannitol and furosemide to reduce cranial pressure, and phenobarbital and midazolam to terminate restlessness successively. Three hours later, the BP was consistently higher than 170/120 mm Hg, sodium nitroprusside was pumped intravenously, then, giving oral drug transition. Finally, she was given Valsartan-Amlodipine Tablets (I) (80 mg valsartan and 5 mg amlodipine per day) and bisoprolol (2.5 mg per day). Outcomes: For 2.5 years of follow-up, the BP reduced to 110–130/60–85 mm Hg, heart rate ranged between 65 and 80 bpm, and she could go to school without any headache, convulsion, and syncope. Lessons: The clinical phenotype of Turner syndrome is complex and varied, affecting multiple systems and organs. Turner syndrome with malignant hypertension is rare, so we should systematically evaluate secondary hypertension, target-organ damage, and accompanied by standard management when Turner syndrome presents with hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant hypertension in a patient with Turner syndrome: A case report

Yang,

Ye,

Wang

et al. 2024

Medicine

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“…Sexual dimorphism and gender-dependent variations associated with responses to different stressors are aspects involved in the pathophysiological gender differences found in PAD. Sex chromosomes play an important role in vascular structural and functional damage that is predisposed to atherosclerosis [28][29][30]. Based on the concept that the onset of menopause and reduced estrogen production increases cardiovascular risk in women [31], Taddei et al [32] demonstrated that age-associated endothelial dysfunction is attenuated before menopause in normotensive or hypertensive patients compared to men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences and Amputation Risk in Peripheral Artery Disease—A Single-Center Experience

Onofrei,

Adam,

Marcu

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Background and Objectives: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects both genders, but the knowledge of clinical and therapeutic aspects particular to each gender has a prognostic value, modulating the risk of amputation and helping to reduce the risk of death or the occurrence of an acute vascular event secondary to optimal management. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study that included 652 patients with PAD who were evaluated at “St. Spiridon” Hospital’s Cardiology Department and divided into two groups according to gender: women (100 cases) and men (552 cases). We evaluated demographics, anthropometric data, as well as clinical and paraclinical parameters in the two groups. Results: Men had a lower mean age (p < 0.001), higher mean BMI (p = 0.049) and were more frequent smokers. (p = 0.008). Hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.026), obesity (p = 0.009), concomitant cerebrovascular (p = 0.005) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.046) were more common in women, while coronary artery disease (p = 0.033) was more common in men. The number of angiographic stenotic lesions (p = 0.037) is a statistically significant parameter in our study, with both genders predominantly associated with stenotic lesions. In addition, directly proportional relationships were found between smoking, uric acid, inflammatory markers, and the number of stenotic lesions and thromboses or the ankle–brachial index (ABI). In the subgroup of men, the number of stenotic and thrombosed lesions positively correlated with the ABI value (p < 0.001). The presence of more than three cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.001) and serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.019) significantly correlated with the number of angiographically detected lesions. We applied several risk scores (PREVENT III, Finnvasc Score, or GermanVasc risk score) in our study group for prognostic purposes, without showing statistically significant differences between genders. Men, rest pain, gangrene, smoking status, the presence of more than three cardiovascular risk factors, or a serum HDL-cholesterol level below 40 mg/dL (p < 0.001 for all parameters) are independent predictors associated with amputation in our study group. Conclusions: In our study, we demonstrated that several clinical–paraclinical particularities guide the diagnosis, providing the clinician with prognostic and therapeutic tools to choose the optimal management with maximum benefits.

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