Organic and Biogeochemical Patterns in Cryptic Microbialites

Reitner, Joachim; Thiel, Volker; Zankl, Heinrich; Michaelis, Walter; Wörheide, Gert; Gautret, Pascale

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04036-2_17

Cited by 58 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Calcified rod-shaped bacteria are present in microbialites (Reitner et al 2000) as far back as Proterozoic stromatolites (Lanier 1986), in Pleistocene sediments in Antarctica (Barbieri et al 1999), modem travertines (Chafetz et al 1998), and in modem marine peloids (Chafetz 1986). Images of calcified rod-shaped bacteria in the aforementioned publications arc morphologically identical or nearly so to aragonite batons in Bahaman ooids (Fig.…”

Section: Batons As Calcifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As pointed out by Folk (1993) carbonate minerals have a great affinity for organic compounds such as those associated with dead or dying bacteria. Whatever the exact nature' of the calcification process involving bacteria, the morphology of both rod-shaped and cocci bacteria can be preserved by calcification (Lanier 1986;Chafetz 1986;Chafetz et al 1998;Barbieri et al 1999;Reitner et al 2000;Ehrlich 1999Ehrlich ,2002. Calcification of the bacteria probably takes places due to deposition of aragonite on cell surfaces because deposition ofCaC0 3 inside a cell is extremely rare among bacteria (Ehrlich 1999).…”

Section: The Case For the Creation Of Ooid Laminae Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proposed origin of aragonite Bahaman and some Pleistocene marine ooids involving bacteria, nannobacteria(?), and biofilms

Kahle

2007

Carbonates Evaporites

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The vast majority oflaminae in the cortex of modern Bahaman ooids and ooids in the Pleistocene Miami Limestone in the Florida Keys are aragonite. The aragonite has two forms: rod-shaped batons (0.5-3.0 11m long and 0.17-0.7 11m in diameter), and nannoballs (0.025-0.3 11m in diameter). Nannoballs are always subordinate to batons and are much more common in Bahaman ooids than in ooids in the Miami Limestone.Variations in the size and shape of known rod-shaped bacteria correspond exactly or very closely to variations in the size and shape of batons. Accordingly, batons arc interpreted as calcified rod-shaped bacteriaThe intimate association of batons and nannoballs suggests a fonnationallink. Aggregates ofnannoballs and aggregates of nannobails and batons probably originated via the complete decay of original batons in the former cases, and the partial decay of original batons in the latter case. Nannoballs not in contact with one another may be bacterial spores that become separated from gram-positive bacterial vegetative cells as a result of a lack of nutrients or some other from of environmental pressure.Calcification of rod-shaped bacteria probably involved aragonite formation in the bulk phase external to individual bacteria. It is proposed that calcification of individual bacteria took place in biofilms that were adsorbed to the surface of a nucleus (such as a fecal pellet) and then to successive laminae as the ooids grew in size. Each lamina would initially, therefore, represent a single biofilm and, ultimately, a layer of calcified rod-shaped bacteria. Calcification of bacteria in biofilms probably took place rapidly so that successive biofilms were formed on mostly solid surfaces. Thus, the ooids lithified from the inside out.It is hypothesized that ooids stop growing as a result of termination of a nutrient supply necessary to create biofilms on the surface of developing ooids. The most likely cause is burial of older ooids by younger ooids so that biofilms in older ooids no longer have access to a nutrient source in the water column.

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Section: Batons As Calcifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Case For the Creation Of Ooid Laminae Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed origin of aragonite Bahaman and some Pleistocene marine ooids involving bacteria, nannobacteria(?), and biofilms

Kahle

2007

Carbonates Evaporites

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“…From modern and fossil cryptic habitats diverse groups of organisms have been reported and described: brachiopods (e.g., Logan et al 2007;Zuschin and Mayrhofer 2009), bryozoans (e.g., Kobluk et al 1988;Pachut et al 1995), corals (e.g., Kobluk and Lysenko 1987), benthic foraminifera (e.g., Lukeneder and Harzhauser 2003;Guilbault et al 2005), mollusks (e.g., Kase and Hayami 1992;Yamamoto et al 2009), polychaetes (e.g., Kobluk 1988aBastrop et al 1998;Reolid and Molina 2010) and sponges (e.g., Reitner and Engeser 1987;Wörheide 1998). In both modern and ancient cryptic habitats, microbialites are also well documented (Zankl 1993;Reitner et al 2000;Allouc and Harmelin 2001). As modern cryptic communities are represented by a high level of soft-bodied organisms, a high general taphonomic information loss is generally assumed for ancient cryptic habitats (Rasmussen and Brett 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological adaptation of Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott (calcareous green alga) to cryptic microhabitats (Lower Aptian, Spain): an example of phenotypic plasticity

Schlagintweit¹,

Bover‐Arnal

2011

Facies

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Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott is interpreted as a heterotrichale chlorophycean alga with a prostrate and erect system within a well-calcified tissue. Within Lower Aptian coral rubble of the western Maestrat Basin, Spain, it forms thick masses of juxtaposed crusts around the bioclasts. In achieving a rapid and complete encrustation of the available bioclasts, Lithocodium applied several strategies, e.g., filling voids of structured surfaces with a special fabric or forming erect extensions to bridge adjacent substrates. In these deposits, different types of poorly if ever illuminated cryptic microhabitats can be distinguished: (1) existing crypts such as empty shells or structural voids within bioclasts (2) crypts resulting from the complete encrustation of adjacent bioclasts by Lithocodium itself and (3) syndepositionally created crypts, e.g., boreholes produced by lithophagid bivalves. In these cases, Lithocodium developed a poorly calcified structure of large cells with thin microcrystalline walls indicating a high degree of variability (phenotypic plasticity). This cryptic growth stage is interpreted as an adaption to the poorly illuminated crypts (photoadaption) in order to maximize light capture for photosynthesis. The Lower Cretaceous Lithocodium is therefore not per se a cryptoendolithic microorganism, but may show adaptation to develop and survive also in these already existing or newly created niches.

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“…Peloidal matrices have been described both in Recent and fossil bioconstructions (see Riding 2000;Reitner et al 2000;Folk and Chafetz 2000;Pratt 1995), and their origins have also been discussed for a long time (Monty 1965;Macintyre 1985;Chafetz 1986;Reitner 1993;Kazmierczak et al 1996). However, there are few microstructural classiWcation schemes based on descriptive parameters in which peloids are the dominant elements (Permian-Triassic: Reid 1987; Adachi et al 2004;Jurassic: Sun and Wright 1989;Schmid 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-framework reconstruction from peloidal-dominated mud mounds (Viséan, SW Spain)

Rodríguez-Martínez

Reitner

Mas

2009

Facies

Self Cite

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Currently, the diVerent roles of peloidal micrites are not well understood in matrix-supported bioconstructions such as mud mounds. Upper Viséan outcrops from Guadiato Valley, Cordoba Province, SW Spain provide well-preserved peloidal-dominated mud mounds. Microstructual analysis of these mud mounds has allowed us to establish 13 microfabrics. Although peloids are conspicuous constituents in the microfabrics, they have been diVerentiated into seven peloidal-dominated types, grouped into three categories: (a) homogeneous Wne peloidal types (3 subtypes); (b) homogeneous coarse peloidal types (2 subtypes); and (c) heterogeneous coarse peloidal types (two subtypes). Fast cm-scale microfabric changes were mapped directly onto thin sections. This methodology allows the researcher to recognize the micro-framework of these mud mounds as a complex, multiepisodic organization of microframes and intermicroframes that are formed by primary and secondary automicrites (non-reworked and reworked automicrites, respectively), autochthonous internal sediment, and allomicrite and marine Wbrous cements.The thin-section mapping was also used to estimate the automicrite-allomicrite relationship, which is crucial in separating the microbial and biodetrital mud mounds.

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Organic and Biogeochemical Patterns in Cryptic Microbialites

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Proposed origin of aragonite Bahaman and some Pleistocene marine ooids involving bacteria, nannobacteria(?), and biofilms

Proposed origin of aragonite Bahaman and some Pleistocene marine ooids involving bacteria, nannobacteria(?), and biofilms

The morphological adaptation of Lithocodium aggregatum Elliott (calcareous green alga) to cryptic microhabitats (Lower Aptian, Spain): an example of phenotypic plasticity

Micro-framework reconstruction from peloidal-dominated mud mounds (Viséan, SW Spain)

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