Organic C accumulation in soil over 30 years in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan – Effect of crop rotations and fertilizers

Campbell, C. A.; Zentner, R. P.; Liang, Biqing; Roloff, G.; Gregorich, E.G.; Blomert, B.

doi:10.4141/s99-028

Cited by 193 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this paper we discuss six rotations which, due to changes during the experiment, were converted to four. These were all rotations that received N and P fertilizers as described in Campbell et al (2000a). The rotations assessed were fallow-wheat (F-W), F-W-W, F-W-W-W-W-W, and W-lentil (W-Lent).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 6-yr rotation was constructed in 1985 from two continuous cropping rotations (a) an Oat (Avena sativa L.) (hay)-W-W (OH-W-W) system, and (b) a Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)-W-W (Flx-W-W) system, both of which existed from 1967-1984. Further, as described by Campbell et al (2000a), the W-Lent rotation was initiated in 1979 by converting two continuous wheat rotations that were initiated in 1967 and were to be used as flexible cropping systems that would include summerfallow, but which were continuously cropped due to technical oversight. All phases of each rotation were present every year and each rotation was cycled on its assigned plots.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil is a Swinton loam (Ayres et al 1985), an Orthic Brown Chernozem (Canada Soil Survey Committee on Soil Classifications 1978). At the initiation of the experiment (1967) the top 15 cm of soil was estimated to have an SOC content of 30.50 Mg ha -1 (Campbell et al 2000a). The pH (water paste) of the top 15 cm of soil is ≈6.5.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, SOC changes are generally directly proportional to the quantity of crop residues returned to the land (Rasmussen et al 1980;Campbell et al 2000a); thus, the lack of crop production in the fallow year usually results in reduced SOC. The rate of, and extent to which fallowing diminishes SOC has not been quantified because there are few long-term studies with sufficient variations in fallow frequency in which SOC has been monitored regularly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our objectives were: (1) to determine the influence of fallow frequency (cropping frequency) on the rate of change of SOC in the top 30-cm depth over a 33-yr period, and (2) to determine how effectively an empirical equation developed by Campbell et al (2000a) for estimating SOC changes performed when used to assess the four rotations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 383-394. Soil organic C (SOC) is readily influenced by crop management practices, such as summerfallowing. On the Canadian prairies, the area summerfallowed has decreased significantly in recent years. Our objectives were to determine the influence of fallow frequency on the rate of change in SOC in an Orthic Brown Chernozem, and to test the effectiveness of an empirical equation developed in an earlier study for estimating SOC changes in these rotations over 33-yr period. The rotations, which were initiated in 1967, all received adequate N and P fertilizers. They were (i) fallow-spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (F-W), F-W-W, F-W-W-W-W-W and Wlentil (Lens culinaris L.) (W-Lent). Soil organic C was measured in the 0-to 15-cm and 15-to 30-cm depths in 1976, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1996 and 1999. No measurements of SOC were made in 1967; we estimated SOC starting values to be 30.5 Mg ha -1 in the 0-to 15-cm depth. In the period 1967 to 1990, when growing season precipitation was near normal for this semiarid region, SOC in the four rotations approached a steady state. However, a decade of much more favourable growing season precipitation in the 1990s increased C inputs, which resulted in a marked increase in SOC in the treatments. The empirical equation suggests, and the F-W and W-Lent rotations appear to confirm, that these rotations are approaching a new steady state at a higher level of SOC, reflecting the decade of favourable precipitation. Measured SOC levels were quite variable, emphasizing the difficulty of relying on measurements made over short time frames (e.g., 5-6yr) when quantifying SOC changes. The equation effectively simulated the trends in SOC changes in all rotations, but consistently underestimated SOC levels in the W-Lent rotation by about 2 Mg ha -1 . Estimates of difference in SOC between treatments were generally similar whether expressed on a mass/fixed depth or a mass/equivalent depth basis. Based on the estimates derived by the empirical equation, we estimated rates of SOC sequestration during the 1967-1990 period to be 0.03 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W, 0.10 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W-W, and 0.15 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for W-Lent. If we include the decade of more favourable precipitation , the rates were between 0.05 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for F-W and 0.20 Mg ha -1 yr -1 for W-Lent. These values are much higher than those estimated by others using the CENTURY model. We concluded that (i) simple models, such as that used in this study, are very useful for estimating management effects on SOC changes, and (ii) we must be cautious in extrapolating C sequestration estimates based on data from short-term experiments because future weather conditions are not easily predicted and weather can have an important impact on C sequestration. 1976, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993, 1996 et 1999. Elle n'avait toutefois pas été évaluée en 1967. Les auteurs estiment que la CCOS s'établissait ...

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Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Selles³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Climate‐Smart Agriculture

Sharma

Goswami

Kothamasi

2023

Global Climate Change and Plant Stress Management

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Long‐term cover crop effects on biomass, soil nitrate, soil water, and wheat

et al. 2023

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Cover crops during summer fallow have been rarely researched in the semiarid northern Great Plains. This study was conducted during 2012–2019 at four Montana locations and included four functional groups (Brassica family, fibrous‐rooted crops, legumes, and tap‐rooted crops). Eleven treatments included sole functional groups, a Full Mix, the Full Mix minus each functional group, pea, and chemical fallow. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown after each cover crop year with three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. Cover crops were terminated with herbicide at first flower stage of pea (Pisum sativum L.) 57 to 66 days after planting. Shoot biomass averaged 2.0 Mg ha−1 over eight site‐years representative of dryland farming in Montana. Using equal overall plant densities, treatments with six species averaged 13% greater biomass than two species. Measured at termination to a 0.9‐m depth, Fallow held greater soil water than cover crop treatments, with Fallow averaging 57 mm greater than the Full Mix. Soil nitrate averaged 49 kg N ha−1 greater after Fallow than the Full Mix; the Legume treatment averaged 26 kg N ha−1 greater than the Minus Legume treatment. Wheat yield on Fallow averaged 0.85 Mg ha−1 greater than the Full Mix in 5 of 10 site‐years, mainly at the driest site‐years. The Legume treatment elevated wheat protein over the Minus Legume treatment by an average of 15 g kg−1. Cover crops grown during summer fallow reduced soil nitrate‐N, soil water, and wheat yields compared with chemical fallow, especially in the major wheat growing region of north central Montana.

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Organic C accumulation in soil over 30 years in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan – Effect of crop rotations and fertilizers

Cited by 193 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Evaluation of a simple model to describe carbon accumulation in a Brown Chernozem under varying fallow frequency

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Climate‐Smart Agriculture

Long‐term cover crop effects on biomass, soil nitrate, soil water, and wheat

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