Organic electrochemical transistor based immunosensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection using gold nanoparticles for signal amplification

Kim, Duck‐Jin; Lee, Nae‐Eung; Park, Joon‐Shik; Park, In‐Jun; Kim, Jung-Gu; Cho, Hyoung J.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.013

Cited by 153 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Another example is organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are being developed for a variety of biosensing 20 applications, including the detection of ions, [6][7][8] metabolites (such as glucose 9 and lactate 10 ) and antibodies. 11 Originally developed by Wrighton in the 80's, 12 OECTs consist of a conducting polymer film (channel of the transistor) in contact with an electrolyte. A gate electrode is 25 immersed in the electrolyte, while source and drain electrodes make contact to the channel and allow a measurement of its conductance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

et al. 2010

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We report an enzymatic sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor that uses a room temperature ionic liquid as an integral part of its structure and as an immobilization medium for the enzyme and the mediator. 10 Although conducting polymer electrodes have been used in biosensing and actuation for decades, recent developments in the field of organic electronics have made available a variety of devices that bring unique capabilities at the interface with biology. 1-2 One example is organic electronic ion pumps, 15 which are able to precisely control the flow of ions between two reservoirs, and have been used to pump neurotransmitters and stimulate cochlear cells in the inner ear of a guinea pig. [3][4][5] Another example is organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are being developed for a variety of biosensing 20 applications, including the detection of ions, 6-8 metabolites (such as glucose 9 and lactate 10 ) and antibodies. 11 Originally developed by Wrighton in the 80's, 12 OECTs consist of a conducting polymer film (channel of the transistor) in contact with an electrolyte. A gate electrode is 25 immersed in the electrolyte, while source and drain electrodes make contact to the channel and allow a measurement of its conductance. 13 A polymer that is commonly used in OECTs is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). In a typical experiment, a positive 30 potential is applied at the gate electrode, which causes cations from the electrolyte to enter the PEDOT:PSS film and dedope it, causing a decrease in its conductance. This manifests itself as a change in the current that flows between the source and drain electrodes. 13 35 OECTs exhibit a typical feature associated with transistors, namely a small current at the gate electrode can cause a large change in the current that flows in the channel, and as such it has been used to amplify biological signals. The gate electrode, for example, can be used as a "working electrode", 40 and the current that flows in it as a result of a redox reaction can be amplified by the OECT. This amplification manifests itself by the fact that the sensor's sensitivity increases with gate voltage, 14 and leads to devices that require very simple electronics for signal readout. Zhu et al. took advantage of 45 this fact to demonstrate a simple sensor for glucose in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 9 The sensor consisted of a PEDOT:PSS OECT with a Pt gate electrode and with the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) dissolved in the electrolyte (PBS). This work was extended to demonstrate 50 sensors that work down to the micromolar concentration range, 14 can be made entirely out of polymers by using an appropriate mediator, 15 and operate with other redox enzymes, allowing the development of multianalyte sensors. 10 In In this communication, we report an enzymatic sensor based on an OECT that uses a RTIL as an integral part of its structure. The strategy we follow involves patterning the 75 RTIL over the active area of ...

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Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

et al. 2010

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“…8,9 Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on PEDOT:PSS are exploited in bioelectronics and sensing. 3,[10][11][12] OECTs consist of a conducting polymer channel, connected to source and drain electrodes that are in ionic contact with a gate electrode via an electrolyte solution. OECTs based on PEDOT:PSS work in depletion mode: a hole source-drain current (I ds ) flows upon application of a drainsource voltage (V ds ).…”

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Effect of channel thickness, electrolyte ions, and dissolved oxygen on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors

Kumar

Zhang

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We investigated the device characteristics of organic electrochemical transistors based on thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene-sulfonate). We employed various channel thicknesses and two different electrolytes: the micelle forming surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and NaCl. The highest ON/OFF ratios were achieved at low film thicknesses using CTAB as the electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry suggests that a redox reaction between oxygen dissolved in the electrolytes and PEDOT:PSS leads to low ON/OFF ratios when NaCl is used as the electrolyte. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that doping/dedoping of the channel becomes slower at high film thickness and in the presence of bulky ions.

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“…Electrochemical immunosensors rely on the electrochemical oxidation/reduction of a substance associated with a label during detection. Due to above advantages it also have gained considerable attention in the PSA detection, and a few electrochemical immunoassays have been reported such as amperometric immunosensor [19], electrochemical assay by ferrocenefunctionalized peptide probes [20], organic electrochemical transistor based immunosensor [21], cadmium ionfunctionalized PSA@PAA nanospheres electrochemical immunoassay [22], immunosensor modified by conductive multilayer film comprised of multi-wall carbon nanotubes [23], etc. Among these electrochemical biosensors, carbon nanomaterials have attracted considerable attention because of their extraordinary properties including high strength and flexibility, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and low density [24][25][26].…”

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Electrochemical immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticles supported with starch-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2012

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We reported on a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of prostate specific antigen (PSA). It is based on gold nanoparticles supported on crosslinked starch functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a nanocomposite film. The method is simple and can be carried out at room temperature without the use of expensive chemicals or corrosive acids. Thus, it preserves the integrity and the electronic structure of the nanotubes. The stepwise assembly of the electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy. CV studies demonstrated that the formation of antibody-antigen complex decreases the peak current of the hexacyanoferrate redox pair linearly with increasing PSA concentration in two ranges (0.01-0.5 and 0.5-3.0 ng·mL −1 ). The detection limit for PSA is 7 pg·mL −1 (at S/N03). This immunoassay exhibits good sensitivity and reproducibility and may become a promising technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.

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Organic electrochemical transistor based immunosensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection using gold nanoparticles for signal amplification

Cited by 153 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

Effect of channel thickness, electrolyte ions, and dissolved oxygen on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors

Electrochemical immunosensor for prostate-specific antigen using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a nanocomposite containing gold nanoparticles supported with starch-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

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