Organic Electronic Platform for Real‐Time Phenotypic Screening of Extracellular‐Vesicle‐Driven Breast Cancer Metastasis

Traberg, Walther C.; Uribe, Johana; Druet, Victor; Hama, Adel; Moysidou, Chrysanthi‐Maria; Huerta, Miriam; McCoy, Reece; Hayward, Daniel; Savva, Achilleas; Genovese, Amaury; Pavagada, Suraj; Lu, Zixuan; Koklu, Anil; Pappa, Anna‐Maria; Fitzgerald, Rebecca C.; Inal, Sahika; Daniel, Susan; Owens, Róisı́n M.

doi:10.1002/adhm.202301194

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…demonstrated a noninvasive, real‐time detection of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition using OECTs (Figure 10e ). [ 143 ] The detection mechanism of this system exhibits similarities to previously documented cell sensors. [ 68 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 ] Specifically, when normal cells undergo malignant transformation into cancer cells, there is an observable alteration in their cellular morphology.…”

Section: Biomarker Detections Based On Oectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections

Liu,

Song,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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The improvement of living standards and the advancement of medical technology have led to an increased focus on health among individuals. Detections of biomarkers are feasible approaches to obtaining information about health status, disease progression, and response to treatment of an individual. In recent years, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have demonstrated high electrical performances and effectiveness in detecting various types of biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the working principles of OECTs and their performance in detecting multiple types of biomarkers, with a focus on the recent advances and representative applications of OECTs in wearable and implantable biomarker detections, and provides a perspective for the future development of OECT‐based biomarker sensors.

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Section: Biomarker Detections Based On Oectsmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections

Liu,

Song,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Microfabrication of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High‐Performance Integrated Bioelectronics

Frusconi,

Kovács‐Vajna,

Blom

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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In bioelectronics, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are pivotal in bridging electronic devices and biological systems, especially in sensing, neuromorphic interfacing, and biological monitoring. Current OECT fabrication methods face challenges due to conductive polymers incompatibility with photoresist solvents and the complexity of multi‐step parylene‐C coatings. This work introduces a scalable photolithographic fabrication process for high‐performance OECTs using the prototypical conductive polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The method employs a two‐layer photoresist approach with controlled cross‐linking, incorporating (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to pattern polymeric channel and encapsulate electrodes. This process yields high‐performance OECTs with highly reproducible characteristics, typical ON/OFF current modulation of 5 103, and transconductance normalized to channel thickness > 200 S cm−1. To avoid cytotoxic Ag/AgCl pellets, the impact of scaling polarizable gates is analyzed on device performance, including bare Au, protein‐functionalized, and PEDOT:PSS gates. The analysis provides design rules to tailor OECT performance for diverse applications. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by integrating OECTs with polarizable gates in current‐driven circuit configuration, allowing ion detection at a supply voltage as low as 0.4 V with a sensitivity of up to 2620 mV dec−1, the highest ever reported. These advancements open opportunities for next‐generation integrated bioelectronics and neuromorphic biosensing.

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Cleanroom‐Free Direct Laser Micropatterning of Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Logic Circuits and Glucose Biosensors

Enrico,

Buchmann,

De Ferrari

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for bioelectronics, such as biosensors. However, current cleanroom‐based microfabrication of OECTs hinders fast prototyping and widespread adoption of this technology for low‐volume, low‐cost applications. To address this limitation, a versatile and scalable approach for ultrafast laser microfabrication of OECTs is herein reported, where a femtosecond laser to pattern insulating polymers (such as parylene C or polyimide) is first used, exposing the underlying metal electrodes serving as transistor terminals (source, drain, or gate). After the first patterning step, conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), or semiconducting polymers, are spin‐coated on the device surface. Another femtosecond laser patterning step subsequently defines the active polymer area contributing to the OECT performance by disconnecting the channel and gate from the surrounding spin‐coated film. The effective OECT width can be defined with high resolution (down to 2 µm) in less than a second of exposure. Micropatterning the OECT channel area significantly improved the transistor switching performance in the case of PEDOT:PSS‐based transistors, speeding up the devices by two orders of magnitude. The utility of this OECT manufacturing approach is demonstrated by fabricating complementary logic (inverters) and glucose biosensors, thereby showing its potential to accelerate OECT research.

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Organic Electronic Platform for Real‐Time Phenotypic Screening of Extracellular‐Vesicle‐Driven Breast Cancer Metastasis

Cited by 8 publications

References 97 publications

Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections

Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Biomarker Detections

Microfabrication of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High‐Performance Integrated Bioelectronics

Cleanroom‐Free Direct Laser Micropatterning of Polymers for Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Logic Circuits and Glucose Biosensors

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