Organic farming and host density affect parasitism rates of tortricid moths in vineyards

Rusch, Adrien; Delbac, Lionel; Muneret, Lucile; Thiéry, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.019

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…To enable broader conclusions on effects of land use on natural pest control, future 7 19 20 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 experimental assessments need to consider additional predator and pest taxa with different functional attributes and life cycle requirements. Moreover, the density of prey occurring in fields may be another important determinant of the level of pest control, affecting the population dynamics of natural enemies and the services they deliver (Costamagna et al, 2004;Rusch et al, 2015), and should be taken into account in future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis

Rusch

Chaplin‐Kramer

Gardiner

et al. 2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

474

319

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Numerous studies show that landscape simplification reduces abundance and diversity of natural enemies in agroecosystems, but its effect on natural pest control remains poorly quantified. Further, natural enemy impacts on pest populations have usually been estimated for a limited number of taxa and have not considered interactions among predator species. In a quantitative synthesis with data collected from several cropping systems in Europe and North America, we analyzed how the level and within-field spatial stability of natural pest control services was related to the simplification of the surrounding landscape. All studies used aphids as a model species and exclusion cages to measure aphid pest control. Landscape simplification was quantified by the proportion of cultivated land within a 1 km radius around each plot. We found a consistent negative effect of landscape simplification on the level of natural pest control, despite interactions among enemies. Average level of pest control was 46 % lower in homogeneous landscapes dominated by cultivated land, as compared with more complex landscapes. Landscape simplification did not affect the amount of positive or negative interactions among ground-dwelling and vegetation-dwelling predators, or the within-field stability of pest control. Our synthesis demonstrates that agricultural intensification through landscape simplification has negative effects on the level of natural pest control with important implications for management to maintain and enhance ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Specifically, preserving and restoring semi-natural habitats emerges as a fundamental first step to maintain and enhance pest control services provided by predatory arthropods to agriculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis

Rusch

Chaplin‐Kramer

Gardiner

et al. 2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

474

319

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show abstract

“…It should, however, be noted that the large majority of these studies considered annual cropping systems. Perennial crops such as vineyards greatly differ from annual crops in terms of disturbance regimes and resource availability over time (Bruggisser, Schmidt-Entling & Bacher 2010;Rusch et al 2015). Perennial systems usually receive high amounts of agrochemicals that may limit biological pest control services (Rusch et al 2015).…”

Section: A N D S C a P E H E T E R O G E N E I T Y A F F E C T S B mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies focussed on effects of landscape heterogeneity on natural enemies have been conducted in annual cropping systems and almost nothing is known concerning perennial cropping systems. Such systems greatly differ from annual cropping systems in terms of temporal dynamics and disturbance regimes (Bruggisser, Schmidt-Entling & Bacher 2010;Rusch et al 2015). These dynamics could therefore modify the effect of landscape composition on natural enemy and pest communities as well as on biological control services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grape moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) are among the most damaging insects in vineyards (Thi ery 2008). However, mechanisms explaining their distribution pattern on large scales and effects of natural enemies on populations are almost unknown (but see Rusch et al 2015). In the present study, we used management of local vegetation in vineyards and the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the landscape to analyse the relative contribution of heterogeneity at the local and landscape scale on grape moth density and their biological control for different periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grape moth density in Bordeaux vineyards depends on local habitat management despite effects of landscape heterogeneity on their biological control

Rusch

Delbac

Thiéry

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Biological control of crop pests is a major ecosystem service affected by several variables acting at multiple spatial scales. Among these variables, heterogeneity at the habitat and landscape scales are known key drivers of trophic interactions and pest density in agroecosystems. However, studies that try to disentangle their relative effects in perennial cropping systems are scarce and nothing is known about their impacts on insect pest density and pesticide applications. 2. We examined the effect of heterogeneity at these two scales on grape moths, one of the most damaging insect pests in European vineyards, and their biological control in 20 vineyards during three consecutive years. We used local vegetation management and the proportion of semi-natural habitats in the surrounding landscape as proxies of heterogeneity at the habitat and landscape scales. Grape moth density was measured over time, as well as biological control services provided by different groups: birds, invertebrate predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. 3. Over the 3 years, grape moth density was mainly determined by local heterogeneity, with significantly fewer larvae of the first generation established in vineyards with full compared to partial grass cover. 4. Despite these effects, biological control of grape moths was not primarily affected by local vegetation management but by landscape heterogeneity, and the direction of this effect varied over time. Notably, predation by birds increased with landscape heterogeneity in spring, depending on local vegetation management, while attacks by pathogenic fungi decreased with landscape heterogeneity during winter. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that bottom-up processes related to habitat heterogeneity drive grape moth occurrence much more than top-down processes. These results have important implications for the ecological intensification of vineyard landscapes. We found that maintaining full grass cover within vineyards reduced grape moth density to a level below common intervention thresholds. Landscape heterogeneity in the close vicinity of vineyards contributed to improved biological pest control by birds, but depended on local vegetation management. Moreover, opposing effects of landscape management on biological pest control services over time revealed that strategies based only on manipulating landscape heterogeneity might not be the optimal option to limit grape moth density in vineyards.

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“…Different biological control approaches, such as conservation, augmentation or dissemination of natural enemies, have been identified as potential levers in controlling vineyard pests and vectors in the next 50 years (Thi ery, 2011). Biological control against insect pests or vectors can be achieved either by natural populations of predators or parasitoids (Thi ery et al, 2001;Rusch et al, 2015), but also by releasing natural enemies.…”

Section: Beneficial Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of plant protection tools for reducing pesticide use on grapevine and new perspectives for the implementation of IPM in viticulture

Pertot¹,

et al. 2017

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a b s t r a c tSeveral pests and diseases have grapevine as their favourite host and the vineyard as preferred environment, so an intensive pesticide schedule is usually required to meet qualitative and quantitative production standards. The need to prevent the negative impact of synthetic chemical pesticides on human health and the environment and the consumer expectations in term of chemical residues in food stimulated the research of innovative tools and methods for sustainable pest management. The research project PURE (www.pure-ipm.eu) was a Europe-wide framework, which demonstrated that several solutions are now available for the growers and evaluated several new alternatives that are under development or almost ready for being applied in practice. Although the use of resistant/tolerant varieties is not yet feasible in several traditional grape growing areas, at least part of the synthetic chemical pesticides can be substituted with biocontrol agents to control pests and pathogens and/or pheromone mating disruption, or the number of treatments can be reduced by the use of decision support systems, which identify the optimal timing for the applications. This review presents the state of the art and the perspectives in the field of grapevine protection tools and strategies.

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Organic farming and host density affect parasitism rates of tortricid moths in vineyards

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis

Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis

Grape moth density in Bordeaux vineyards depends on local habitat management despite effects of landscape heterogeneity on their biological control

A critical review of plant protection tools for reducing pesticide use on grapevine and new perspectives for the implementation of IPM in viticulture

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