Organic matter and its relation to maize crops on acid soils of Colombia

Rojas, Leyla Amparo; Baquero, José; Ramírez, Margarita; Rodríquez, Felipe; Roveda, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/0-306-47624-x_477

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“…From the results of this study and those of Trinh (1977) and Rojas et al (2001), it can be concluded that P application is not an efficient method for correcting soil acidity. In the present study, this was further evidenced by the inability to significantly improve maize yield productivity following application of 60 kg ha )1 for 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Poultry manure was more efficient than S. spectabilis at ameliorating soil acidity and resulted in 38% higher grain yield than the application of leaves of S. spectabilis. Rojas et al (2001) had earlier observed that individual treatments of lime and organic matter (especially poultry manure) decreased the exchangeable Al in the soil, diminishing therefore, both soil acidity and Al saturation percentage. Results of our study showed that changes in soil characteristics due to the application of manure depended on organic manure type and to the level of tolerance to soil acidity of the cultivar used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Responses of maize grain yield to changes in acid soil characteristics after soil amendments

et al. 2006

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An experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2000 on an acid soil in Cameroon to assess the effectiveness of cultivating acid tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar and the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers as options for the management of soil acidity. The factors investigated were: phosphorus (0 and 60 kg ha )1 ), dolomitic lime (0 and 2 t ha )1 ), organic manure (no manure, 4 t ha )1 poultry manure, and 4 t ha )1 of leaves of Senna spectabilis), and maize cultivars (ATP-SR-Y -an acid soil-tolerant, and Tuxpen˜o sequiaan acid susceptible).On acid soil, maize grain yield of ATP-SR-Y was 61% higher than the grain yield of Tuxpen˜o sequia. Continuous maize cultivation on acid soil further increased soil acidity, which was manifested by a decrease in pH (0.23 unit), exchangeable Ca (31%) and Mg (36%) and by an increase in exchangeable Al (20%). Yearly application of 60 kg ha )1 of P for 3 years increased soil acidity through increases in exchangeable Al (8%) and H (16%) and a decrease in exchangeable Ca (30%), Mg (11%) and pH (0.07 unit). Lime application increased grain yield of the tolerant (82%) and susceptible (208%) cultivars. The grain yield increases were associated with a mean decrease of 43% in exchangeable Al, and 51% in H, a mean increase of 0.27 unit in pH, 5% in CEC, 154% in exchangeable Ca, and 481% in Mg contents of the soil. Poultry manure was more efficient than leaves of Senna producing 38% higher grain yield. This yield was associated with increases in pH, Ca, Mg and P, and a decrease in Al. The highest mean grain yields were obtained with lime added to poultry manure (4.70 t ha )1 ) or leaves of Senna (4.72 t ha )1 ).Grain yield increase was more related to the decrease in exchangeable Al (r=)0.86 to )0.95, P<0.01) and increase in Ca (r=0.78-0.94, P<0.01), than to pH (r=)0.57 (non-significant) to )0.58 (P<0.05)). Exchangeable Al was the main factor determining pH (r=)0.88 to )0.92, P<0.01).The yield advantage of the acid tolerant cultivar was evident even after correcting for soil acidity. Acid soil-tolerant cultivars are capable of bringing unproductive acid soils into cultivation on the short run. The integration of soil amendments together with acid soil-tolerant cultivar offers a sustainable and comprehensive strategy for the management of acid soils in the tropics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Responses of maize grain yield to changes in acid soil characteristics after soil amendments

et al. 2006

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Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

Serralde

Ramírez

2004

CTA

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Mediante el seguimiento de cultivos experimentales en suelos ácidos de los Llanos Orientales, durante un periodo de cinco años consecutivos (1997-2001), se evaluaron las poblaciones nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (MA) asociados con dos variedades de maíz: ICA- Sikuani V-110 y la variedad regional criolla Clavito, analizando su comportamiento bajo distintos tratamientos con abono orgánico (gallinaza), abono verde (Caupí) y testigo sin aplicación de materiales orgánicos, para un total de seis tratamientos. De 7.924 esporas analizadas se aislaron veinticuatro morfotipos identificados morfológica y molecularmente. Se determinó la relación de las condiciones del suelo (pH, los contenidos de materia orgánica, P, K, Al+++ y % saturación Al) con el comportamiento de las poblaciones de MA. Con la aplicación del Análisis de Regresión Múltiple (Stepwise), se obtuvieron coeficientes significativos (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 83) para todas las variables y se seleccionaron como variables predictivas principales el pH y la materia orgánica del suelo, que presentaron coeficientes significativos para cinco y cuatro de los siete modelos establecidos, respectivamente. La técnica molecular empleada basada en la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), con el uso de primers específicos, permitió la identificación confirmatoria de las esporas aisladas de los géneros Glomus, Entrophospora y Gigaspora. Además, mediante el uso de esta metodología se logró identificar la presencia del género Glomusen raíces de maíz altamente colonizadas. Mycorrhiza populations analysis in corn (Zea mays) cultivated in acid soils under different agronomic treatmentsA study was carried out to evaluate the populations of native arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi on established crops on acid soils of the Colombian Eastern Plains, for a period of five years (1997-2001). Fungi spores were isolated from the crop-fungi association of two maize cultivars: ICASikuani V-110 and the regional cultivar Clavito. The mycorrhizal behavior was evaluated under six different organic fertilization treatments, which included green manure (cowpea), chicken manure and a control treatment (no application). From a total of 7924 spores, 24 different types of mycorrhiza were characterized using morphological and molecular analysis. The relation between soil conditions (pH, organic matter contents, P, K, Al+++ and % Al saturation) and AM fungi populations was analysed using a Stepwise Multiple Regression model. According to the regression coefficients obtained (P≤ 0.001 y R2 ≥ 0.83), soil pH and organic matter content were the independent variables that explained most of the variation observed in AM populations. The molecular methodology was based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the use of specific primers allowed to identify spores from Glomus, Entrophospora and Gigaspora. This methodology also provided the identification of fungi from the Glomus genera in highly colonized maize roots.

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Organic matter and its relation to maize crops on acid soils of Colombia

Cited by 2 publications

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Responses of maize grain yield to changes in acid soil characteristics after soil amendments

Responses of maize grain yield to changes in acid soil characteristics after soil amendments

Análisis de poblaciones de micorrizas en maíz (Zea mays) cultivado en suelos ácidos bajo diferentes tratamientos agronómicos

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