Organic matter maturation under the influence of a deep intrusive heat source: A natural experiment for quantitation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from a petroleum source rock (Toarcian shale, northern Germany)

Rullkötter, Jürgen; Leythaeuser, D.; Horsfield, Brian; Littke, Ralf; Mann, Ulrich; Müller, Peter; Radke, M.; Schaefer, R. G.; Schenk, H.J.; Schwochau, K.; Witte, E.G.; Welte, Dietrich H.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(88)90237-9

Cited by 132 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Previous studies of Posidonia mineralogy based on bulk-and fine fraction XRD (Mann, 1987;Littke et al, 1988) show no systematic dependence of mineralogy on maturity and exposure to different temperatures. Similarly, based on Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction images, all samples had similar mineralogical composition, with the illite-group (23-39 wt%) and calcite (31-44 wt%) dominating.…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral Preferred Orientation and Microstructure in the Posidonia Shale in Relation to Different Degrees of Thermal Maturity

Kanitpanyacharoen

Kets

Wenk

et al. 2012

Clays and clay miner.

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Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were exposed to higher temperatures, which may have reduced the organic content and increased the already high carbonate content (Rullkötter et al, 1988). Carbonates in S3 and S4 had been diagenetically altered to dolomite, possibly due to decomposition of organic matters (Slaughter and Hill, 1991).…”

Section: Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Preferred Orientation and Microstructure in the Posidonia Shale in Relation to Different Degrees of Thermal Maturity

Kanitpanyacharoen

Kets

Wenk

et al. 2012

Clays and clay miner.

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“…[21][22][23] These black shales were deposited in an epicontinental sea of moderate depth, extending from the Yorkshire Basin (United Kingdom), over the Lower Saxony Basin and the Southwest German Basin into the Paris Basin, during the Lower Toarcian period. 21,24,25 Recent electron microscopy studies inferred that the formation of nanoporous organic materials occurred due to gaseous hydrocarbon generation in Posidonia shales of gas window maturity. 26 Geological and geochemical history has been reviewed in detail elsewhere.…”

Section: Posidonia Shalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Geological and geochemical history has been reviewed in detail elsewhere. 21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] …”

Section: Posidonia Shalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Pressure Methane Adsorption and Characterization of Pores in Posidonia Shales and Isolated Kerogens

et al. 2014

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. (2014) 'High-pressure methane adsorption and characterization of pores in Posidonia shales and isolated kerogens.', Energy fuels., 28 (5). pp. 2886-2901. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef402466mPublisher's copyright statement:This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in nal form in Energy Fuels, copyright c American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the nal edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef402466m. Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractSorption capacities and pore characteristics of bulk shales and isolated kerogens have been determined for immature, oil-window and gas-window mature samples from the Lower Toarcian Posidonia Shale formation. Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) micropore volumes, sorption pore volumes and surface areas of shales and kerogens were determined from CO 2 adsorption isotherms at -78°C and 0°C, and N 2 adsorption isotherms at -196°C. Mercury injection capillary pressure porosimetry, grain density measurements and helium pycnometry were used to determine shale and kerogen densities and total pore volumes.Total porosities decrease through the oil-window and then increase into the gas-window.High-pressure methane isotherms up to 14 MPa were determined at 45, 65 and 85°C on dry shale and at 45 and 65°C on kerogen. Methane excess uptakes at 65°C and 11.5 MPa were in the range 0.056-0.110 mmol g -1 (40-78 scf t -1 ) for dry Posidonia shales and 0.36-0.70 mmol g -1 (253-499 scf t -1 ) for the corresponding dry kerogens. Absolute methane isotherms were calculated by correcting for the gas at bulk gas phase density in the sorption pore volume. The enthalpies of CH 4 adsorption for shales and kerogens at zero surface coverage showed no significant variation with maturity, indicating that the sorption pore volume is the primary control on sorption uptake. The sum of pore volumes measured by a) CO 2 sorption at -78°C and b) mercury injection, are similar to the total porosity for shales. Since mercury in our experiments occupies pores with constrictions larger than ca. 6 nm, we infer that porosity measured by CO 2 adsorption at -78°C in the samples used in this study is largely within pores with effective diameters smaller than 6 nm. The linear correlation between maximum CH 4 surface excess sorption and CO 2 sorption pore volume at -78°C is very strong for both shales and kerogens, and goes through the origin, suggestin...

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“…A second common bulk characteristic of the organic matter in the rich Cenomanian/Turonian black shales on the northwest Australian continental margin, as well as other deep-sea locations, is the only moderately high hydrogen index (350-450 mg hydrocarbons/g C org ). We believe that this is related to the paleowater depth under which these black shales were deposited, because such moderately high hydrogen indexes are uncommon for sediments containing high amounts of organic matter (e.g., Tissot and Welte, 1984;Rullkötter et al, 1988), except for coals of terrestrial higher plant origin. The idea is that deposition at great water depths implies an extended food chain and thus a relatively extensive hydrogen depletion of materials which ultimately constitute the preserved fecal pellets.…”

Section: Cenomanian/turonian Black Shale Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and Geochemistry of Organic Matter in Triassic and Cretaceous Deep-Sea Sediments from the Wombat and Exmouth Plateaus and nearby Abyssal Plains off Northwest Australia

Rullkötter¹,

Littke²,

Radke³

et al. 1992

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Triassic (Carnian-Rhaetian) continental margin sediments from the Wombat Plateau off northwest Australia (Sites 759, 760, 761, and 764) contain mainly detrital organic matter of terrestrial higher plant origin. Although deposited in a nearshore deltaic environment, little liptinitic material was preserved. The dominant vitrinites and inertinites are hydrogen-lean, and the small quantities of extractable bitumen contain w-alkanes and bacterial hopanoid hydrocarbons as the most dominant single gas-chromatography-amenable compounds.Lower Cretaceous sediments on the central Exmouth Plateau (Sites 762 and 763) farther south in general have an organic matter composition similar to that in the Wombat Plateau sediments with the exception of a smaller particle size of vitrinites and inertinites, indicating more distal transport and probably deposition in deeper water. Nevertheless, organic matter preservation is slightly better than in the Triassic sediments. Long-chain fatty acids, as well as aliphatic ketones and alcohols, are common constituents in the Lower Cretaceous sediments in addition to n-alkanes and hopanoid hydrocarbons.Thin, black shale layers at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, although present at several sites (Sites 762 and 763 on the Exmouth Plateau, Site 765 in the Argo Abyssal Plain, and Site 766 on the continental margin of the Gascoyne Abyssal Plain), are particularly enriched in organic matter only at Site 763 (up to 26%). These organic-matter-rich layers contain mainly bituminite of probable fecal-pellet origin. Considering the high organic carbon content, the moderate hydrogen indices of 350-450 milligrams of hydrocarbon-type material per gram of C org , the maceral composition, and the low sedimentation rates in the middle Cretaceous, we suggest that these black shales were accumulated in an area of oxygen-depleted bottom-water mass (oceanwide reduced circulation?) underlying an oxygen-rich water column (in which most of the primary biomass other than fecal pellets is destroyed) and a zone of relatively high bioproductivity. Differences in organic matter accumulation at the Cenomanian/ Turonian boundary at different sites off northwest Australia are ascribed to regional variations in primary bioproductivity.

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Organic matter maturation under the influence of a deep intrusive heat source: A natural experiment for quantitation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from a petroleum source rock (Toarcian shale, northern Germany)

Cited by 132 publications

References 14 publications

Mineral Preferred Orientation and Microstructure in the Posidonia Shale in Relation to Different Degrees of Thermal Maturity

Mineral Preferred Orientation and Microstructure in the Posidonia Shale in Relation to Different Degrees of Thermal Maturity

High-Pressure Methane Adsorption and Characterization of Pores in Posidonia Shales and Isolated Kerogens

Petrography and Geochemistry of Organic Matter in Triassic and Cretaceous Deep-Sea Sediments from the Wombat and Exmouth Plateaus and nearby Abyssal Plains off Northwest Australia

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