Organically bound tritium: optimization of measurements in environmental matrices by combustion method and liquid scintillation spectrometry

Nayak, Sridhara; D’Souza, Renita Shiny; Kamath, Srinivas S.; Mohan, M.P.; Bharath, S.; Shetty, Trilochana; Kumara, Karthik; Narayana, B.; Dileep, B.N.; Ravi, P.M.; Karunakara, N.

doi:10.1007/s10967-018-6395-y

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…TFWT is defined as tritium in water that is not bound to tissue molecules. Many methods can remove TFWT from the fresh samples, such as vacuum freeze-drying ( 6 , 7 ), azeotropic distillation ( 8 ), oven-drying ( 9 , 10 ), low-temperature desorption method (LTDM) ( 11 ), and so on, among which vacuum freeze-drying method is the most widely used. After the tissue-free water existing in the sample tissue, cells, and intercellular spaces is separated and collected, the water is purified and the radioactivity of tritium in the sample typically is determined by a low background liquid scintillation counter (LSC) ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TFWT is defined as tritium in water that is not bound to tissue molecules. Many methods can remove TFWT from the fresh samples, such as vacuum freeze-drying (6,7), azeotropic distillation (8), oven-drying (9,10), low-temperature Ren et al 10.3389/fpubh. 2023.1185938 Frontiers in Public Health 02 frontiersin.org desorption method (LTDM) (11), and so on, among which vacuum freeze-drying method is the most widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward an efficient determination of tissue-free water tritium in food

Ren,

Ma,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionTritium in the environment constitutes a radiological concern because it can become part of the hydrogen pool in environmental and biological reservoirs and thereby expose people to radiation.MethodsTissue-free water tritium (TFWT) analysis in food is an important subject of environmental radiation monitoring which plays an important role in the estimation of health risks from environmental tritium exposure. At present, tritium content in food is generally determined by liquid scintillation counter (LSC). To improve the analytical efficiency in tritium determination, we developed a novel method to treat TFWT in food using microporous membranes.ResultsThe microporous membrane treatment method developed in this study has the following characteristics: It has a wide range of application and can process TFWT samples with conductivity below 5 μS/cm. Sample loss for the microporous membrane treatment is approximately 5%. The average treatment time is only 5 min, significantly shortened compared with the currently used atmospheric distillation treatment method (1.5 h). The results of the comparison and spike experiment show that the samples prepared by microporous membrane treatment provides equally satisfactory tritium measurement results as classic distillation method.DiscussionThe developed microporous membrane method is simple to operate, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and effectively improves the analysis efficiency of TFWT in food.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TFWT is defined as tritium in water that is not bound to tissue molecules. Many methods can remove TFWT from the fresh samples, such as vacuum freeze-drying (6,7), azeotropic distillation (8), oven-drying (9,10), low-temperature Ren et al 10.3389/fpubh. 2023.1185938 Frontiers in Public Health 02 frontiersin.org desorption method (LTDM) (11), and so on, among which vacuum freeze-drying method is the most widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an efficient determination of tissue-free water tritium in food

Ren,

Ma,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that emits low-energy beta rays and has a half-life of 12.3 years (Nayak et al, 2019). Tritium can be formed naturally from the interaction of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen atoms with high-energy cosmic rays (Popoaca et al, 2014), artificially via nuclear reactions (Duliu et al, 2018), and as a by-product of the operation of nuclear reactors (IAEA, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Tritium Measurement in Tap Water in Bangkok Area and Annual Dose Estimation

Sudprasert

Phattanasub²,

Srimork³

et al. 2022

Environ. Nat. Resour. J.

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Monitoring of tritium concentration in tap water is an essential tool to determine the effective dose received from tap water. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) is a widely used technique for determining tritium in water. Due to the very low activity of tritium in tap water, its detection requires a high-efficiency LSC with the lowest minimum detectable activity (MDA). Low-level tritium analysis in tap water were performed in two LSC models using conventional distillation techniques. The optimal conditions with the lowest MDAs were applied to determine the tritium concentration in the tap water distributed from two main sources located in the Bangkok metropolitan region: Bang Khen and Maha Sawat water treatment plants (WTPs). Twenty-six tap water samples were collected from petrol stations located around both water treatment plants. The results revealed that the amount of tritium in the tap water around the Bangkhen WTP was between 1.88-2.63 Bq/L with an average of 2.28±0.28 Bq/L, whereas those from the Maha Sawat WTP were between 2.01-2.69 Bq/L with an average of 2.44±0.26 Bq/L, which are far below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limit (10,000 Bq/L) for drinking water. The annual effective dose (AED) for infants, children and adults obtained from tap water samples around the Bangkhen WTP were 0.010, 0.014, and 0.030 µSv/year, respectively, and those from the Maha Sawat WTP were 0.011, 0.015, and 0.032 µSv/year, respectively, which are far below the WHO’s guideline limit (100 µSv/year).

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