Organisational Failures in Dependable Collaborative Enterprise Systems.

Abstract

In this paper we attempt to classify organizational failures that can occur during the integration process of autonomous systems. The paper reports on ongoing research in the area of systems integration. Our purpose is to provide a taxonomy of organizational failures, so that there is a basis for analyzing some of the possible organizational failure modes resulting from putting together two organizational systems, each with its own purpose in its own organizational context, to make a new Dependable System of Systems. It thus provides a way of examining some new emergent failure modes. It also points out possible failure modes that, because they are organizational, cannot be prevented or tolerated at the level of the individual technical systems or the technical system that brings them together.

A risk and threat assessment approaches overview in autonomous systems of systems

“…As examples of SoS systems he uses multiprocessor servers and clusters and distributed control systems. Periorellis and Dobson stress the importance of cooperation between autonomous component system as the key feature of SoS [10]. The purpose of SoS is to enable enhanced or improved emergent services, based on capabilities of the participating components in the SoS.…”

A risk modelling approach for a Communicating System of Systems

“…For this paper an important one is given by Periorelis and Dobson [5] A SoS consists of systems and personnel. In this paper we refer to both systems and people as nodes within the network.…”

Towards Using Simulation to Evaluate Safety Policy for Systems of Systems

“…Large-scale military and transport Systems of Systems (SoS) present many challenges for safety. Attempts to define the term 'SoS' have been controversialattempts can be found in [1] and [2]. It is easy, however, to identify uncontroversial examples, Air Traffic Control and Network Centric Warfare being the most prominent.…”

“…airspace.atc notEmpty() and ((as.class == 'B') or (as.class == 'C') or (as.class == 'D')An aircraft shall not collide with the ground or fixed objects Entities Entities that should be avoided are other aircraft, the ground and fixed structuresFixedObjects Fixed objects are attached to the ground and have some height VisualRange The pilot of an aircraft shall maintain a minimum visual range from the cockpit MinimumVisRange Visual range such that pilot can take evasive action in time to avoid a collision VisAllAirspace Decomposition over nature of control of airspace VisRangeInContrAirspace The pilot of an aircraft shall maintain a minimum visual range from the cockpit within controlled airspace (25) VisRangeOutContrAirspace The pilot of an aircraft shall maintain a minimum visual range from the cockpit outside controlled airspace (26)ReportedVisibilityVisual range (visibility) is that communicated to the pilot by ATC upon landing or takingoff from an aerodrome(24)(3)The pilot of an aircraft shall maintain a minimum visual range from the cockpit within class B airspace (25)(1)VisRangeInClassCDEAirspaceThe pilot of an aircraft shall maintain a minimum visual range from the cockpit within class C, D and E airspace(25)(2) …”