Organoleptic and Halitometric Assessments Do Not Correlate Well in Intra-Oral Halitosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Szalai, Eszter; Tajti, Péter; Szabó, Bence; Kói, Tamás; Hegyi, Péter; Czumbel, László Márk; Varga, Gábor; Kerémi, Beáta

doi:10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101862

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 200 publications

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“…Yet, it cannot be completely ruled out, that potentially hidden spice/herb additions to snacks or convenience foods might have still influenced VSCs to some extent. Additionally, it would have been beneficial to explore not only tongue coating and VSCs, but also organoleptic measurements as they have been described to be highly sensitive [ 34 ]. Since halitosis was a secondary endpoint we refrained from integrating even more study-related expenses for study participants, holding the fact, that young patients with CKD already undergo numerous medical examinations due to their disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Hoefer,

Barbe,

Adams

et al. 2024

Head Face Med

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Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) directly affects oral health. Yet data about halitosis in young CKD patients and the impact of dental prophylaxis is limited. Therefore, as part of this randomized clinical trial, halitosis in young CKD patients undergoing intensive or standard oral preventive procedures was to be explored. Methods Three volatile sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were measured in 30 young patients with CKD (mean age 14.2 years; 16 males, 14 females). Breath samples were taken after 3 and 6 months and analyzed with selective gas chromatography (OralChroma). Tongue coating (Winkel Index) and clinical indices to determine local inflammation or oral hygiene (Papillary Bleeding Index and Quigley-Hein Index) were assessed. Within an extended anamnesis, patients and their mothers and nurses were questioned about the perceived halitosis. Corresponding quotes were noted verbatim. Patients were randomized to either intensive need-related oral health care measures (oral preventative program, OPP) or a one-stage standard prevention (treatment as usual, TAU). Results While there were no differences in volatile sulfur compound levels between TAU and OPP at the three time points of measurements (p > 0.05), there was a tendency towards a reduction in dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide of affected patients within the OPP group over time. Looking at potential differences between both groups with regard to tongue coating, significant differences were observed between baseline and 3 months after study start in the OPP group, and between baseline and 6 months after study start in the TAU group (p < 0.05). The burden of halitosis was frequently reported by patients’ mothers and nurses. Conclusions Young CKD patients regularly suffered from halitosis and dimethyl sulfide was its main source. Preventive measures mainly resulted in a reduction of tongue coating. Trial registration: The German Clinical Trial Register (# DRKS00010580).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Hoefer,

Barbe,

Adams

et al. 2024

Head Face Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Volatile sulfur compounds, biofilm, and salivary parameters in patients with periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study

Silva,

Viana,

de Arruda

et al. 2024

Odontology

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Standardized Protocols for Measuring Volatile Sulfur Compounds: Scientific Foundations and Methodologies

Kim,

Byun

et al. 2024

J Oral Med Pain

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Halitosis is defined as a nasty odor emanating through the mouth and is primarily related to the enhanced concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). VSC measurements have been commonly used for experimental comparison and clinical diagnosis. As quantitative methods for comparative analyses of oral malodor, gas chromatography devices have been most commonly used to quickly and easily determine the concentration of several gas components of VSCs, which are agents primarily responsible for halitosis. The concentrations of VSCs fluctuate dynamically depending on contributing factors, including various oral/systemic conditions, intake of medicine and food/drink, oral hygiene, and even routine daily activities. Therefore, the exact analysis of VSCs requires the appropriate standardization of not only exact measurement techniques but also participant conditioning with scientific considerations. Thus, this paper describes the experimental standardizations commonly recommended in previous literature and their scientific background.

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Organoleptic and Halitometric Assessments Do Not Correlate Well in Intra-Oral Halitosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 200 publications

Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Halitosis in young patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Volatile sulfur compounds, biofilm, and salivary parameters in patients with periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study

Standardized Protocols for Measuring Volatile Sulfur Compounds: Scientific Foundations and Methodologies

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