Orientation and Mobility Training in Special Education Curriculum for Social Adjustment Problems of Visually Impaired Children in Pakistan

Purpose: Although Single National Curriculum (SNC) is implemented in all over the country from April 2021 at primary level as per commitment of the ruling party in Pakistan. However, the pre-existing and implemented curriculum formulated by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board is still followed in special education institutions of Punjab because preparation process is still going on for the implementation of SNC in these institutions. The academic capability of Children with Visual Impairment (CWVI) is usually considered as that of non-disabled students due to their good cognitive skills. Directorate of Special Education Punjab adopted the same curriculum for CWVI. This study is an effort to identify the standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes (SLOs) which are difficult to accomplish for CWVI. Methodology: It was a descriptive qualitative study by nature and curriculum review/document analysis technique was applied to study the implemented and existing curriculum. The complete curriculum of six key learning areas at pre-primary level proposed by implemented curriculum are as follows; personal and social development, language and literacy, basic mathematical concepts, the world around us, health, hygiene and safety and creative arts. Similarly existing curriculum offers following subjects at primary level; Islamiat/ Ethics and morality, Urdu, English, Maths, Science, General Knowledge and Social Studies. The data were retrieved from the website of Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board. Collected information was coded; major themes were derived and interpreted. Findings: Results revealed that a large number of standards, benchmarks and student learning outcomes (SLOs) were easy to accomplish for CWVI as non-disabled children but many standards, benchmarks and SLOs were not easy to accomplish for CWVI due to their visual limitations and lack of sufficient need-based support. Implications: Proper adaptations, modifications and accommodations can be made for CWVI specially to attain the geometry, science and geography related standards, benchmarks and SLOs including adaptations proposed by Directorate General of Special Education Punjab. Pictorial representations and visual tasks can be substituted with some other learning tasks for CWVI.

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“…Like other under-develop countries there is no proper care for persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Pakistan. (Malik et al, 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Primary Level Curriculum for Students having Vision Related Challenges Formulated by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore

Jahanzaib

Fatima

Nayab

2022

JBSEE

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“…The spatial ability was very helpful for them in communicating by understanding the environment in which they were. The mobility orientation learning based on research from Malik, Manaf, Ahmad, and Ismail (2018) was claimed as very important to make blind children being independent where there was active participation from family and peers in their social environment. Nawrocka-Łabuś (2018) explained that students' understanding of their spatial orientation would make children move independently, be able to overcome difficulties with self-awareness, and balance in personal life.…”

Section: Girlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Learning Mobility Orientation on Social Skill of Blind Children

Idawati¹,

Masitoh²,

Bachri³

2020

JEL

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Visually impaired children within aged of 7–8 years old often face problems dealing with the adaptation in the environment. They have very low social skill and turn into dependence on their parents. Further, they need developing their self-confidence towards social skills. Mobility orientation, learning was one of the learning strategies that aimed to improve their social behavior in the environment. The purpose of this study was to develop the social skills of blind children in interacting with the environment and peers. This study involved a single subject research method (SSR) with A-B-A design. The subject of the study consisted of 3 blind children within 7–8 years old. The results showed that there was a significant improving in their social skills and independence during their daily lives. The female children tended to have some difficulties during the school activities compare with the male children. The family’s involvement is important to be used for helping them during the learning adaptation process with the environment. In short, the social skill development really matters for the blind children as they can imagine what kind of places where they are.

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“…Consequently, children demonstrated delays in reaching developmental milestones. A sample of 125 visually impaired children was observed [7]. The self-personality and prosocial behavior of the children were explored with respect to their mobility training.…”

Section: Physical Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Bodily Movements of the Visually Impaired Children by Airflow

Chao¹,

Chu²,

Lee³

2019

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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This study involved three departments of teachers and students. The concept of the flowmotivated exercise implemented with a set of flow nozzles. A computer-controlled airflow with specific music introduced, and the motion responses from the participants were analyzed during the initial test and field study. During the initial examination, we adjusted the magnitude and distance setting of the flow and allowed the children to grab the air without music. Structural design, magnetic valve, and interface were implemented based on the insights from the initial test. The redesign performed in a sitting position to reduce the need for students to deviate from the location and fit for physical disabilities during exercise. Four times of visually impaired students were arranged to observe the changes in the movements of students after being guided by the airflow during the teaching process. The performance of the fourth week is better than the previous three weeks. Almost all blind children can make movements in the right position. The cross-domain cooperation experience was beneficial to the facility design.

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Orientation and Mobility Training in Special Education Curriculum for Social Adjustment Problems of Visually Impaired Children in Pakistan

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Review of Primary Level Curriculum for Students having Vision Related Challenges Formulated by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore

Review of Primary Level Curriculum for Students having Vision Related Challenges Formulated by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore

Application of Learning Mobility Orientation on Social Skill of Blind Children

Enhancing Bodily Movements of the Visually Impaired Children by Airflow

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