Orientation Discrimination in Periphery: Surround Suppression or Crowding?

Abstract

Typical stimuli used in surround suppression and crowding ………. 2 Stimuli used in in Experiment 1 ……………………………………. 3 Results of Experiment 1 ………………….. ……………………….. 4 Distributions of the masking effect ………………………………… 5 Stimuli used in in Experiment 2 ………….………….…………….. 6 Results of Experiment 2 ………………….. ……………………….. 7 Performance of an observer during training ……………………….. 8 Learning curves ………………….. ………………………………... 9 A dual-pathway model for the processing of first-and second-order signals