Oriented Layered Graphene Oxide Pad Favoring High Loading Capacity and Stability for High‐Throughput Chemical Screening

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials have huge application prospects in the fields of materials science and biomedicine. Graphene oxide (GO) can be served as an excellent carrier with good loading capacity and biocompatibility. However, lamelayers of GO are prone to aggregation and difficult to stably disperse in solution. Only relying on the mesh graphene sheets as a carrier still cannot achieve a good loading efficiency. Therefore, oriented layered graphene oxide pad (OGO) is synthesized and used as a carrier for ligand fishing. The structure of OGO exhibits good reproducibility and recyclability, and its regular open channels and low pore curvature can effectively ensure a high density of fishing sites and flow speed, improving the loading capacity and storage stability. According to the amount of immobilized cell membranes protein (CMP), OGO can reach 1.5 to 2 times loading capacity of GO. The established CMP@OGO is stable within 48 h at 4 °C, and the reuse rate of OGO is 93.04 ± 0.67%. Finally, salvianolic acid B, deoxyshikonin, and shikonin were identified as potentially active compounds in comfrey combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐hybrid linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer. It can provide a promising platform for OGO to screen active compounds in high throughput.

Ligand fishing as a tool to screen natural products with anticancer potential

“…The H1819‐CM@OGO proved to be a better target for fishing EGFR inhibitors. The developed platform successfully fished three components from the extract (salvianolic acid B, deoxyshikonin, and shikonin) that showed a strong biological response against H1819 cells [48].…”

“…The developed screening assay was able to fish two components (berberine and palmatine) from the complex mixture. Even though carbon-based materials have numerous applications, Zhou et al [48] state that this is the first time that graphene oxide (GO)/oriented layered GO pad (OGO) is used as solid support for the immobilization of CMs in ligand fishing assay. In the search for EGFR inhibitors, CM from H1819 and A549 cells were selected to coat GO/OGO.…”

Covalent immobilization of tyrosinase on magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for inhibitor screening

“…), affinity fishing, ligand elution, and LC-MS analysis. Various types of solid carriers including magnetic beads [14], graphene [15], hollow fibers [16], and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [17] have been widely applied for the immobilization of target proteins. Recently, CNTs, a kind of carbon nanomaterials, have gained increasing interest due to their unique characteristics including large surface-volume area, tunable surface entities, high chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and good conductivity that make them ideal electrochemical materials for the construction of electrochemical sensors/biosensors [18][19][20][21][22].…”