Origen, dispersión y diversidad del chirimoyo (Annona cherimola Mill.) en el continente americano

The Repellent Capacity against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and In Vitro Inhibition of the Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme of 11 Essential Oils from Six Plants of the Caribbean Region of Colombia

“…GC-MS (EI, 70 eV), m/z (%): 222.05 (M +• , 100). 1 H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 6.35 (1HAr, "s"), 5.96-5.86 (1H, "m", -CH=C), 5.88 (2H, "s", -O-CH2-O-), 5.07-5.04 (1Hcis, "m", -C=CH2cis,trans), 5.03-5.02 (1Htrans, "m", -C=CH2cis,trans), 4.01 (3H, "s", -O-CH3), 3.75 (3H, "s", -O-CH3), 3.31-3.29 (2H, "m", -CH2-C=) ppm. 13 ppm.…”

“…GC-MS (EI, 70 eV), m/z (%): 222.05 (M +• , 100). 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz): δ 6.35 (1H Ar , "s"), 5.96-5.86 (1H, "m", -CH=C), 5.88 (2H, "s", -O-CH 2 -O-), 5.07-5.04 (1H cis , "m", -C=CH 2cis,trans ), 5.03-5.02 (1H trans , "m", -C=CH 2cis,trans ), 4.01 (3H, "s", -O-CH 3 ), 3.75 (3H, "s", -O-CH 3 ), 3.31-3.29 (2H, "m", -CH 2 -C=) ppm. 13 C-NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz): δ 144.7 (-C Ar -), 144.4 (-C Ar -), 137.7 (-C Ar -), 137.5 (-CH=), 136.0 (-C Ar -), 126.2 (-C Ar -), 115.7 (=CH 2 ), 108.9 (-CH Ar -), 101.2 (-O-CH 2 -O-), 61.4 (-O-CH 3 ), 60.1 (-O-CH 3 ), 34.0 (-CH 2 -) ppm.…”

“…During observation, the effect was considered positive/measurable when maize weevils moved from treated to untreated areas. The degree of repellency (in percentage value-%R) was calculated based on Equation (1).…”

“…Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the oldest, best-known, and most essential grasses from America, in addition to being second of the most produced cereals in the world (ca. 197 million ha cultivated; annual production > 1 billion metric tons; yield: 6 tons/ha) [1,2]; its consumption is massive because it is included as part of the primary food group of the family basket (at any socioeconomic level) due to its low cost, mainly in some countries belonging to sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, where the major production areas are also located [1][2][3][4]. As maize is a versatile multipurpose crop, besides its usage as a staple food, it has cultural/environmental, nutritional, and economic impacts, as well as feed/forage, energy, and industrial uses [2,[5][6][7].…”