Origin, structure, and biological activities of peroxidases in human saliva

Ihalin, Riikka; Loimaranta, Vuokko; Tenovuo, Jorma

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.004

Cited by 175 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The endostyle is a pharyngeal thyroid homolog of vertebrate thyroid glands. Even more, the sequences comparative analysis excluded significant CiPxt homologies with the mammalian lactoperoxidases released from glands (milk, tears, and saliva) and dual peroxidases that Zamocky and Obinger (2010) reported as a distinct subfamily with totally different enzymatic features (Ihalin et al, 2006). The phylogenetic analysis sorted a TPO chordate clade close to mammalian MPO and EPO, indicating a more recent origin of the ascidian TPOs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase–cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS

Vizzini

Parrinello

Sanfratello

et al. 2013

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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a b s t r a c tPeroxinectins function as hemoperoxidase and cell adhesion factor involved in invertebrate immune reaction. In this study, the ascidian (Ciona intestinalis) peroxinectin gene (CiPxt) and its expression during the inflammatory response have been examined. CiPxt is a new member of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase gene superfamily that contains both the peroxidase domain and the integrin KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) binding motif. A phylogenetic tree showed that CiPxt is very close to the chordate group and appears to be the outgroup of mammalian MPO, EPO and TPO clades. The CiPxt molecular structure model resulted superimposable to the human myeloperoxidase. The CiPxt mRNA expression is upregulated by LPS inoculation suggesting it is involved in C. intestinalis inflammatory response. The CiPxt was expressed in hemocytes (compartment/morula cells), vessel epithelium, and unilocular refractile granulocytes populating the inflamed tunic matrix and in the zones 7, 8 and 9 of the endostyle, a special pharynx organs homolog to the vertebrate thyroid gland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase–cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS

Vizzini

Parrinello

Sanfratello

et al. 2013

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…The thiocyanate ion also occurs naturally in humans, in whom its oxidation by peroxidase in saliva constitutes part of the innate defense in the oral cavity. 27 Hurst 28 has reviewed the chemistry of thiocyanate oxidation by myeloperoxidase to enhance the bactericidal effect of phagocytic killing by neutrophils. One study examined the addition of thiocyanate to raw cow's milk, since stimulation of oxidation of exogenous thiocyanate to the short-lived hypothiocyanite anion (OSCN À ) by lactoperoxidase from milk has bactericidal effects, assisting in milk preservation.…”

Section: Non Enzymaɵcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism

2016

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Brassica vegetables are common components of the diet and have beneficial as well as potentially adverse health effects. Following enzymatic breakdown, some glucosinolates in brassica vegetables produce sulforaphane, phenethyl, and indolylic isothiocyanates that possess anticarcinogenic activity. In contrast, progoitrin and indolylic glucosinolates degrade to goitrin and thiocyanate, respectively, and may decrease thyroid hormone production. Radioiodine uptake to the thyroid is inhibited by 194 lmol of goitrin, but not by 77 lmol of goitrin. Collards, Brussels sprouts, and some Russian kale (Brassica napus) contain sufficient goitrin to potentially decrease iodine uptake by the thyroid. However, turnip tops, commercial broccoli, broccoli rabe, and kale belonging to Brassica oleracae contain less than 10 lmol of goitrin per 100-g serving and can be considered of minimal risk. Using sulforaphane plasma levels following glucoraphanin ingestion as a surrogate for thiocyanate plasma concentrations after indole glucosinolate ingestion, the maximum thiocyanate contribution from indole glucosinolate degradation is estimated to be 10 lM, which is significantly lower than background plasma thiocyanate concentrations (40-69 lM). Thiocyanate generated from consumption of indole glucosinolate can be assumed to have minimal adverse risks for thyroid health.

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“…A peroxidase salivar humana pertence ao grupo de fatores de defesa inatos com mecanismo de ação inespecífico e ações que incluem atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana 20 . O hipotiocianato e tiocianato (HOSCN/OSCN -) são componentes ativos do sistema peroxidase com capacidade antimicrobiana, cuja eficiência depende da quantidade de peróxido de hidrogênio disponível 20 . O sistema peroxidase inibe significantemente a produção de ácidos pelo biofilme dental após uma exposição a açúcares 21 .…”

Section: Análise Estatísticaunclassified

Efeito do Gênero (Masculino e Feminino) sobre a Cárie Dentária e Parâmetros Salivares de Crianças

Farghaly¹,

Fachin²,

Otton³

et al. 2013

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objetivo: avaliar o índice de cárie dentária e parâmetros salivares comparando meninos e meninas. Métodos: a saliva total estimulada mecanicamente com parafilm foi coletada de 46 crianças saudáveis, com quatro a seis anos de idade, sendo 24 meninos e 22 meninas. As crianças foram divididas em subgrupos de acordo com o gênero (meninos e meninas) e presença de cárie dentária (cavidades de cárie, CC; livres de cárie, CF). A cárie dentária foi avaliada usando os critérios da OMS e Kappa=0,87. O grupo CC foi definido pela presença de no mínimo três superfícies com necessidade de restauração e o grupo CF pela ausência de dentes com lesões de cárie clinicamente detectáveis (ceo-s=o). Os parâmetros salivares avaliados foram o fluxo salivar, a concentração de proteína total e a atividade enzimática da peroxidase. Os resultados foram comparados por teste t de Student e Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey para contraste de média (p≤0,05). Resultados: crianças com cárie dentária apresentaram redução de 33% do fluxo salivar comparadas com crianças sem cárie dentária (p≤0,05). Entre as crianças com cárie dentária, as meninas apresentaram maior índice de cárie dentária comparadas com os meninos (98%, p≤0.05). As meninas apresentaram diferenças salivares mais pronunciadas comparados aos meninos, com maior concentração de proteína total e menor fluxo salivar e atividade da peroxidase (p≤0,05). Conclusão: o estudo sugere que o gênero pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de cárie dentária e parâmetros salivares de crianças. Saliva; Cárie dentária; Peroxidase salivar; Fluxo salivar; Gênero.Objective: To evaluate the dental caries index and salivary parameters in boys and girls. Method: Whole stimulated saliva by chewing Parafilm ® was collected from 46 healthy children (24 boys and 22 girls) aged 4 to 6 years. The children were assigned to subgroups according to gender (boys and girls) and dental caries (CC -caries cavities; CF -caries free). Dental caries was evaluated using the WHO criteria and kappa=0.87. The CC group was defined by the presence of at least three surfaces requiring restoration while the CF group was characterized by the absence of clinically detectable caries (ceo-s=0). The following salivary parameters were evaluated: salivary flow, total protein concentration and peroxidase enzymatic activity. The results were compared by the Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's multiple-comparison test (p≤0.05). Results: Children with dental caries presented a 33% reduction of salivary flow compared to the caries-free children (p≤0.05). Among the children with dental caries, the girls had a greater caries index than the boys (98%, p≤0.05). The girls presented more accentuated salivary parameters than boys, with greater total protein concentration, lower salivary flow and lower peroxidase activity (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that gender might influence the development of dental caries and the salivary parameters in children.

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Origin, structure, and biological activities of peroxidases in human saliva

Cited by 175 publications

References 101 publications

Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase–cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS

Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase–cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS

Concentrations of thiocyanate and goitrin in human plasma, their precursor concentrations in brassica vegetables, and associated potential risk for hypothyroidism

Efeito do Gênero (Masculino e Feminino) sobre a Cárie Dentária e Parâmetros Salivares de Crianças

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