Origins and migratory routes of murine Cajal‐Retzius cells

García‐Moreno, Fernando; López‐Mascaraque, Laura; Carlos, Juan

doi:10.1002/cne.21128

Cited by 97 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Consistently, fate mapping and cell lineage tracing studies have shown that CR cells arise from specific locations along the rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes of the pallial VZ (Bielle et al, 2005;GarciaMoreno et al, 2007;Imayoshi et al, 2008;Monuki et al, 2001;Takiguchi-Hayashi et al, 2004;Yoshida et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2006). Four different sites of CR generation have been identified, comprising the pallial domain of the septum in the rostromedial (RM) pallium (Bielle et al, 2005), the ventral pallium (VP) laterally (Bielle et al, 2005), the prospective choroid plexus, and the cortical hem (CH) caudally (Garcia-Moreno et al, 2007;Imayoshi et al, 2008;Monuki et al, 2001;Takiguchi-Hayashi et al, 2004;Yoshida et al, 2006;Zhao et al, 2006). CR cells migrate tangentially from these focal sites to populate the entire cortical surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of Fgf8 signalling in the specification of rostral Cajal-Retzius cells

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYCajal-Retzius (CR) cells play a key role in the formation of the cerebral cortex. These pioneer neurons are distributed throughout the cortical marginal zone in distinct graded distributions. Fate mapping and cell lineage tracing studies have recently shown that CR cells arise from restricted domains of the pallial ventricular zone, which are associated with signalling centres involved in the early regionalisation of the telencephalic vesicles. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of CR cells in the rostral telencephalon that expresses Er81, a downstream target of Fgf8 signalling. We investigated the role of the rostral telencephalic patterning centre, which secretes FGF molecules, in the specification of these cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic inactivation of Fgf8, we showed that production of Fgf8 by the rostral telencephalic signalling centre is required for the specification of the Er81 + CR cell population. Moreover, the analysis of Fgf8 gain-of-function in cultivated mouse embryos and of Emx2 and Gli3 mutant embryos revealed that ectopic Fgf8 signalling promotes the generation of CR cells with a rostral phenotype from the dorsal pallium. These data showed that Fgf8 signalling is both required and sufficient to induce rostral CR cells. Together, our results shed light on the mechanisms specifying rostral CR cells and further emphasise the crucial role of telencephalic signalling centres in the generation of distinct CR cell populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of Fgf8 signalling in the specification of rostral Cajal-Retzius cells

et al. 2010

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“…However, extrapolation of findings from in vitro assays to the behavior of progenitors in the living brain should be taken with caution. For example, early cortical progenitors cultured in vitro first generate Cajal-Retzius cells, although in the living animal these neurons are generated from other progenitors, outside the dorsal pallium (54,55).…”

Section: Emx2 Progenitors Support Both the Restricted And The Sequentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subset of early radial glial progenitors that contribute to the development of callosal neurons is absent from avian brain

García‐Moreno

Molnár

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The classical view of mammalian cortical development suggests that pyramidal neurons are generated in a temporal sequence, with all radial glial cells (RGCs) contributing to both lower and upper neocortical layers. A recent opposing proposal suggests there is a subgroup of fate-restricted RGCs in the early neocortex, which generates only upper-layer neurons. Little is known about the existence of fate restriction of homologous progenitors in other vertebrate species. We investigated the lineage of selected Emx2 + [vertebrate homeobox gene related to Drosophila empty spiracles (ems)] RGCs in mouse neocortex and chick forebrain and found evidence for both sequential and fate-restricted programs only in mouse, indicating that these complementary populations coexist in the developing mammalian but not avian brain. Among a large population of sequentially programmed RGCs in the mouse brain, a subset of self-renewing progenitors lack neurogenic potential during the earliest phase of corticogenesis. After a considerable delay, these progenitors generate callosal upper-layer neurons and glia. On the other hand, we found no homologous delayed population in any sectors of the chick forebrain. This finding suggests that neurogenic delay of selected RGCs may be unique to mammals and possibly associated with the evolution of the corpus callosum.S everal neural progenitor subtypes have been identified in the developing mammalian neocortex (1-4). At the onset of neurogenesis, multipotent proliferative radial glial cells (RGCs) reside at the ventricular surface. RGC divisions can be "self-renewing," a symmetrical division in which two identical RGCs are generated; "direct neurogenic," generating a neuroblast and a multipotent progenitor; or "indirect neurogenic," which gives rise to an intermediate progenitor that migrates to divide in the subventricular zone. The timing of these events is crucial for cell number and fate determination (5-7) and vary among different mammalian species. Importantly, very little is known about the homologous populations of RGCs in other vertebrate species and about their role in cortical evolution.Observations made from Golgi-stained material (4, 8), birthdating (5, 9), and lineage-tracing analysis (10-14) contributed to the formation of the "sequential" hypothesis. Accordingly, each RGC in the early brain generates most cortical cell types by sequential mitoses (15). Long-range subcortical projection neurons of the deep layers are generated first, followed by the callosal projection neurons of the upper layers, and finally the glial cells (16).However, recent genetic fate mapping of selected lineages has revealed a subpopulation of early RGCs expressing Cux2, which only gives rise to Satb2-positive upper-layer cortical neurons (17). This finding suggests that the early neurogenic brain may contain several types of cortical progenitors, each of which constrained to generating certain subpopulations of neurons, known as the "restricted progenitor hypothesis" (18). The existence of these restricted ...

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“…One of the main populations of MZ is CR neurons, the first-born neurons that invade tangentially into MZ from the extra-cortical origins (Garcia-Moreno et al, 2007 Cresyl violet staining of the E18.5 dorsal pallium (A-C). In situ hybridization on parasagittal sections of the E18.5 dorsal pallium with Wnt7b (D-F) and Tbr1 probes (G-I).…”

Section: Shh Immunoreactivity Is Weakly Detected In Both the Prolifermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedgehog signaling is involved in development of the neocortex

et al. 2008

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Sonic hedgehog (Shh) function is essential for patterning and cell fate specification, particularly in ventral regions of the central nervous system. It is also a crucial mitogen for cerebellar granule neuron precursors and is important in maintenance of the stem cell niche in the postnatal telencephalon. Although it has been reported that Shh is expressed in the developing dorsal telencephalon, functions of Shh in this region are unclear, and detailed characterization of Shh mRNA transcripts in situ has not been demonstrated. To clarify the roles of Shh signaling in dorsal pallium (neocortex primordium) development, we have knocked out the Shh and Smo genes specifically in the early developing dorsal telencephalon by using Emx1 cre mice. The mutants showed a smaller dorsal telencephalon at E18.5, which was caused by cell cycle kinetics defects of the neural progenitor/stem cells. The cell cycle length of the progenitor/stem cells was prolonged, and the number of cycle-exiting cells and neurogenesis were decreased. Birth-date analysis revealed abnormal positioning of neurons in the mutants. The characteristics of the subventricular zone, ventricular zone and subplate cells were also affected. Weak immunoreactivity of Shh was detected in the dorsal telencephalon of wild types. Reduced Shh immunoreactivity in mutant dorsal telencephalons supports the above phenotypes. Our data indicate that Shh signaling plays an important role in development of the neocortex.

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Origins and migratory routes of murine Cajal‐Retzius cells

Cited by 97 publications

References 52 publications

Role of Fgf8 signalling in the specification of rostral Cajal-Retzius cells

Role of Fgf8 signalling in the specification of rostral Cajal-Retzius cells

Subset of early radial glial progenitors that contribute to the development of callosal neurons is absent from avian brain

Hedgehog signaling is involved in development of the neocortex

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