Orthodontic mini-implant diameter does not affect in-situ linear microcrack generation in the mandible or the maxilla

Liu, Sean Shih Yao; Cruz-Marroquin, Enrique; Sun, Jun; Stewart, Kelton T.; Allen, Matthew R.

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.07.014

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Despite structural differences, the cortical thickness of these dog maxillae and mandibles are comparable to adult patients. 39 Consistent with a previous study, 28 cortical bone of the mandible is thicker than that of the maxilla (Table 6). With greater cortical thickness, longer implant surfaces were shown with all mandibular MSIs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…28 A clinical study demonstrated that a higher failure rate occurs when inserting MSIs in posterior mandibular areas with high bone density and cortical thickness compared to the maxillary posterior area. 40 This may be attributed to overtightening or excessive insertion torque causing overheating, poor primary stability, inflammation, or local disturbances that prevent normal healing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of microdamage was done under a 103 epifluorescence microscope (Leica, Buffalo Grove, Ill) with excitation wave length 546 nm using previously published criteria. 28 Cortical thickness, crack length, and crack number adjacent to the MSI, and the MSI surface length in cortical bone were measured using Bioquant Osteo II software (Bioquant Image Analysis Corporation, Nashville, Tenn). Crack density and total microdamage burden were calculated as crack number/MSI surface length and crack number 3 mean crack length/implant surface length, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 The blocks were cut and ground parallel to the MSI axis to approximately 200 microns with an Exakt grinder (Exakt Technologies Inc, Nordersted, Germany). Identification of microdamage was done under a 103 epifluorescence microscope (Leica, Buffalo Grove, Ill) with excitation wave length 546 nm using previously published criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Another study using 1.0-mm diameter pilot drilling found that it significantly reduced microdamage even with the insertion of larger diameter (1.4-, 1.6-, and 2.0-mm) cylindrical MSIs. 28 While microdamage stimulates bone remodeling and induces a periodontal ligament (PDL)-like zone around conventional dental implants, [29][30][31][32] accumulated microdamage can weaken bone [33][34][35] and potentially jeopardize MSI stability. 17 To understand how pilot drilling and MSI taper affect primary stability, researchers inserted tapered and cylindrical MSIs perpendicular to artificial bone blocks and found similar maximum insertion torques with the same pilot drilling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microdamage generation by tapered and cylindrical mini-screw implants after pilot drilling

Taing-Watson

Katona

Stewart

et al. 2014

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between mini-screw implant (MSI) diameter (1.6 vs 2.0 mm) and shape (tapered vs cylindrical) and the amount of microdamage generated during insertion. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six cylindrical and 36 tapered MSIs, 6 mm long, were used in this study. Half of each shape was 1.6 mm in diameter, while the other half was 2.0 mm. After pilot drilling, four and five MSIs were inserted, respectively, into fresh cadaveric maxillae and mandibles of dogs. Bone blocks containing the MSIs were sectioned and ground parallel to the MSI axis. Epifluorescent microscopy was used to measure overall cortical thickness, crack length, and crack number adjacent to the MSI. Crack density and total microdamage burden per surface length were calculated. Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the effects of jaw, and MSI shape and diameter. Pairwise comparisons were made to control the overall significance level at 5%. Results: The larger (2.0 vs 1.6 mm) cylindrical MSIs increased the numbers, lengths, and densities of microcracks, and the total microdamage burden. The same diameter cylindrical and tapered MSIs generated a similar number of cracks and crack lengths. More total microdamage burden was created by the 2.0-mm cylindrical than the 2.0-mm tapered MSIs. Although higher crack densities were produced by the insertion of 1.6-mm tapered MSIs, there was no difference in total microdamage burden induced by 1.6-mm tapered and 1.6-mm cylindrical MSIs. Conclusions: Pilot drilling is effective in reducing microdamage during insertion of tapered MSIs. To prevent excessive microdamage, large diameter and cylindrical MSIs should be avoided. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:859-867.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%