Orthodontics and Caries

Abstract

The purpose of orthodontics is to achieve correct dental occlusion, while at the same time improving aesthetic appearance. However, we know today that orthodontic treatment increases the risk of carious lesions, which harm patients and jeopardize the successful outcome of the treatment. The formation of carious lesions as a result of orthodontic treatment can be ascribed to inadequate elimination of dental plaque due to hindrance by intrabuccal appliances. To forestall these particularly harmful collateral effects, thorough knowledge of how caries form and the associated risk factors is necessary. The risk factors specific to each patient should therefore be accurately evaluated before any orthodontic treatment is undertaken, and then monitored throughout the treatment so that health-damaging carious lesions do not become established. The aim of this chapter is to define caries and its aetiological factors, pinpoint its various risk factors in orthodontics, describe a preventive, prophylactic approach to be taken before, during and after orthodontic treatment, and make recommendations. 2. Caries Dental caries is the result of bacteria-induced breakdown of the hard tissues of the tooth by progressive local demineralization (Muller et al,1998; Rillard et al, 2000). 2.1 Etiological factors The aetiology of caries is multifactorial. Caries are formed under the simultaneous action of several factors (Fig.1): cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque, food, terrain and a time scale sufficient for the carious lesion to grow (Charland et al, 2001). 2.1.1 Cariogenic bacteria The inside of the mouth and dental plaque contain a broad variety of bacteria. Streptococcus mutans is the main microorganism responsible for human caries. This bacterium uses carbohydrates as a nutrient and energy source, metabolizing them to form lactic acid, which lowers pH and thereby causes the demineralization of tooth enamel (Rillard et al, 2000). This infectious disorder develops with a prevalence that is related to the degree of oral sepsis present.

A Comparative Evaluation of Stress Resistance Between Nano-hybrid Composite and Ormocer Restorations on Posterior Teeth - in vitro Study

“…In April 2012, The World Health Organization (WHO) published the alarming results of their own research stating that 60-90% of school children and almost 100% of adults have dental decays worldwide [1]. More alarming is the fact that around 60% of the lesions occur in pits and fissures [2,3]. Resin composite materials allow the adoption of minimal intervention approaches that conserve and preserve sound tooth structure, being biocompatible, esthetic and having many other useful mechanical properties.…”

Microhybrid versus nanofill composite in combination with a three step etch and rinse adhesive in occlusal cavities: five year results

“…Therefore, prior to commencement of orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to treat all existing tooth caries. Caries can occur in pits and fissures and account for more than 60% of all lesions [ 2 3 ].…”

Speech Production and Malocclusion: A Review

“…Besides genetic factors, malocclusion can also result from acquired factors, including thumb sucking, sticking out the tongue, and constant use of pacifiers and bottles that may cause. (Bourzgui, 2015;Inglehart & Bagramian, 2002;Kharbanda, 2019).…”