OsCAD2 is the major CAD gene responsible for monolignol biosynthesis in rice culm

Hirano, Ken; Aya, Koichiro; Kondo, Mari; Okuno, Ayako; Morinaka, Yoichi; Matsuoka, Makoto

doi:10.1007/s00299-011-1142-7

Cited by 81 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…PbCCOMTs were grouped in subclass II-a of the eudicot cluster. Hirano et al (2012) The NJ tree also showed that PbCOMT14 and OsCOMT-like4 are closely related to AtCOMT-like11. Although some OMT genes in rice and pear could be grouped with AtOMTs, the bootstrap values in the tree nodes were low.…”

Section: Intron-exon Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis Of Pear Omt mentioning

confidence: 91%

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the OMT gene family in Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su

Cheng

Xiong

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. With high nutritional value in its fruits, Dangshan Su pear has been widely cultivated in China. The stone cell content in fruits is a key factor affecting fruit quality in pear, and the formation of stone cells has been associated with lignin biosynthesis. O-Methyltransferase (OMT) is a key enzyme involved in lignin metabolism within the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here, we screened 26 OMT genes from the Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su genome using the DNATOOLs software. To characterize the OMT gene family in pear, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and conserved motifs of PbOMTs were analyzed. PbOMTs were divided into two categories, type I (designated PbCCOMTs) and type II (designated PbCOMTs), indicating the differentiation of function during evolution. Based on the analysis of multiple sequence alignment, cis-element prediction, and phylogenetic relationships, two candidate genes, PbCCOMT1 and PbCCOMT3, were selected for the analysis of temporal and spatial gene expression in pear. The promoter regions of both PbCCOMT1 and PbCCOMT3 contain regulatory motifs for lignin synthesis. Moreover, the two genes show high similarity and close phylogenetic relationships with CCOMTs in other species. Expression analysis showed that transcript levels of two PbCCOMTs were positively associated with the contents of both stone cells and lignin during the development of pear fruit. These results suggest that PbCCOMT1 and PbCCOMT3 are closely associated with lignin biosynthesis. These findings will help clarify the function of PbOMTs in lignin metabolism and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stone cell formation in pear.

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Section: Intron-exon Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis Of Pear Omt mentioning

confidence: 91%

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the OMT gene family in Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su

Cheng

Xiong

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…The rice genome has 12 CADlike genes. Among them, the proteins encoded by CAD2 and CAD7 contribute to this enzyme activity, with CAD2 being the most highly expressed (Hirano et al, 2012).…”

Section: Effects Of Lignin Deposition On Seed Shattering and Internodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the lignin biosynthesis pathway, CAD functions in the last step of monolignol biosynthesis, catalyzing hydroxyl-cinnamyl aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols (Hirano et al, 2012). The relative ratios of these cinnamyl alcohols are essential for determining the structural and mechanical characters of lignin (Li et al, 2009).…”

Section: Effects Of Lignin Deposition On Seed Shattering and Internodmentioning

confidence: 99%

KNOX Protein OSH15 Induces Grain Shattering by Repressing Lignin Biosynthesis Genes

et al. 2017

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Seed shattering is an agronomically important trait. Two major domestication factors are responsible for this: qSH1 and SH5. Whereas qSH1 functions in cell differentiation in the abscission zone (AZ), a major role of SH5 is the repression of lignin deposition. We have determined that a KNOX protein, OSH15, also controls seed shattering. Knockdown mutations of OSH15 showed reduced seed-shattering phenotypes. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that OSH15 interacts with SH5 and qSH1, two proteins in the BELL homeobox family. In transgenic plants carrying the OSH15 promoter-GUS reporter construct, the reporter gene was preferentially expressed in the AZ during young spikelet development. The RNA in situ hybridization experiment also showed that OSH15 messenger RNAs were abundant in the AZ during spikelet development. Analyses of osh15 SH5-D double mutants showed that SH5 could not increase the degree of seed shattering when OSH15 was absent, indicating that SH5 functions together with OSH15. In addition to the seedshattering phenotype, osh15 mutants displayed dwarfism and accumulated a higher amount of lignin in internodes due to increased expression of the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Knockout mutations of CAD2, which encodes an enzyme for the last step in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, caused an easy seed-shattering phenotype by reducing lignin deposition in the AZ. This indicated that the lignin level is an important determinant of seed shattering in rice (Oryza sativa). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both OSH15 and SH5 interact directly with CAD2 chromatin. We conclude that OSH15 and SH5 form a dimer that enhances seed shattering by directly inhibiting lignin biosynthesis genes.

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“…An oscad7 mutant was found to contain less lignin in stems, with the total activity on coniferaldehyde dramatically reduced (Li et al 2009). However, in a later study, OsCAD2 (clade I) was shown to be the major CAD gene responsible for monolignol biosynthesis in rice, whereas OsCAD7 is not expressed in stems under normal conditions (Hirano et al 2012). Possibly, Li et al (2009) studied the gene under stress conditions.…”

Section: Lignin-associated Cad Clades In Monocotsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clade classification of monolignol biosynthesis gene family members reveals target genes to decrease lignin in Lolium perenne

Parijs¹,

Ruttink²,

Boerjan

et al. 2015

Plant Biol J

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In monocots, lignin content has a strong impact on the digestibility of the cell wall fraction. Engineering lignin biosynthesis requires a profound knowledge of the role of paralogues in the multigene families that constitute the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. We applied a bioinformatics approach for genome-wide identification of candidate genes in Lolium perenne that are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols. More specifically, we performed functional subtyping of phylogenetic clades in four multigene families: 4CL, COMT, CAD and CCR. Essential residues were considered for functional clade delineation within these families. This classification was complemented with previously published experimental evidence on gene expression, gene function and enzymatic activity in closely related crops and model species. This allowed us to assign functions to novel identified L. perenne genes, and to assess functional redundancy among paralogues. We found that two 4CL paralogues, two COMT paralogues, three CCR paralogues and one CAD gene are prime targets for genetic studies to engineer developmentally regulated lignin in this species. Based on the delineation of sequence conservation between paralogues and a first analysis of allelic diversity, we discuss possibilities to further study the roles of these paralogues in lignin biosynthesis, including expression analysis, reverse genetics and forward genetics, such as association mapping. We propose criteria to prioritise paralogues within multigene families and certain SNPs within these genes for developing genotyping assays or increasing power in association mapping studies. Although L. perenne was the target of the analyses presented here, this functional subtyping of phylogenetic clades represents a valuable tool for studies investigating monolignol biosynthesis genes in other monocot species.

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OsCAD2 is the major CAD gene responsible for monolignol biosynthesis in rice culm

Cited by 81 publications

References 34 publications

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the OMT gene family in Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the OMT gene family in Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Dangshan Su

KNOX Protein OSH15 Induces Grain Shattering by Repressing Lignin Biosynthesis Genes

Clade classification of monolignol biosynthesis gene family members reveals target genes to decrease lignin in Lolium perenne

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