Ossicle of the meniscus

Bernsetin, R M; Olsson, Harold E.; Spitzer, R M; Robinson, Kenneth; Korn, Michael

doi:10.2214/ajr.127.5.785

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The presence of the sclerotic rim surrounding the ossicles in our study is similar to the radiographic appearance of the ossicle of the meniscus in humans (Bernstein et al, 1976). The sclerotic rim represents a cortical bone surrounding a trabecular bone (Bernstein et al, 1976) although this was not proven histologically in our study. The ossicle of the meniscus has been reported to occur in species of domestic (Thrall and Robertson, 2011) and non-domestic cats (Ganey et al, 1994;Kirberger et al, 2000;Walker et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Makungu

Groenewald

Plessis

et al. 2013

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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SummaryIn family Lemuridae, anatomical variations exist. Considering its conservation status (near threatened) and presence of similarities between strepsirrhines and primitive animals, it was thought to be beneficial to describe the gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvis and hind limb of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) as a reference for clinical use and species identification. Radiography was performed in 14 captive adult ring-tailed lemurs. The radiographic findings were correlated with bone specimens from 2 two adult animals. Additionally, computed tomography of the hind limbs was performed in one animal. The pelvic bone has a well-developed caudal ventral iliac spine. The patella has a prominent tuberosity on the cranial surface. The first metatarsal bone and digit 1 are markedly stouter than the other metatarsal bones and digits with medial divergence from the rest of the metatarsal bones and digits. Ossicles were seen in the lateral meniscus, inter-phalangeal joint of digit 1 and in the infrapatellar fat pad. Areas of mineral opacity were seen within the external genitalia, which are believed to be the os penis and os clitoris. Variations exist in the normal osteology and radiographic appearance of the pelvis and hind limb of different animal species. The use of only atlases from domestic cats and dogs for interpretative purposes may be misleading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Makungu

Groenewald

Plessis

et al. 2013

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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“…Ossicles have been found in the menisci of numerous rodent species and while their etiology and function are not clear they are thought to be a normal anatomical part of the meniscus in these animals . In contrast, ossification of the meniscus in humans is rare and usually associated with severe trauma or injury …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and maturation of the murine meniscus

2016

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Meniscal injuries are commonplace, but current surgical repair procedures do not prevent degenerative joint changes that occur after meniscal injury and often lead to osteoarthritis. Successful tissue regeneration in adults often recapitulates events that occur during embryogenesis, suggesting that understanding the regulatory pathways controlling these early processes may provide clues for developing strategies for tissue repair. While the mouse is now widely used to study joint diseases, detailed knowledge of the basic biology of murine meniscus is not readily available. Here, we examine meniscal morphogenesis in mice from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to 6 months of age using histology, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. We find that the meniscus is a morphologically distinct structure at E16 when it begins to regionalize. At birth, the meniscus has a distinguishable inner, avascular, round chondrocyte cell region, an outer, vascularized, fibroblast cell region, and a surface superficial zone. Maturation begins at 2 weeks of age when the meniscus expresses type I collagen, type II collagen, type X collagen, and MMP-13 in specific patterns. By 4 weeks of age, small areas of ossification are detected in the anterior meniscal horn, a common feature seen in rodents. Maturation appears complete at 8 weeks of age, when the meniscus resembles the adult structure complete with ossifying tissue that contains bone marrow like areas. Our results provide, the first systematic study of mouse meniscal development and will be a valuable tool for analyzing murine models of knee joint formation and disease. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1683-1689, 2017.

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“…2,3,7 Meniscal ossicles are known to represent normal anatomic variants in the knee of other animal species. 8 In humans, the current prevailing theory is that of posttraumatic origin. 3,9 Prior studies have described meniscotibial avulsion from the root of the meniscus following trauma to the knee.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Implications of the Meniscal Ossicle: Patient Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes

et al. 2019

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The meniscal ossicle is observed in clinical practice, yet there currently is limited information on its potential clinical significance. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and clinical treatment and outcomes of a series of patients identified as having a meniscal ossicle. An institutional database was reviewed to identify knees with a meniscal ossicle. Clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), treatment, and outcomes were analyzed. Radiographs were graded using Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) scores. MRIs were reviewed for the presence and location of meniscal ossicles and additional knee pathology. Knee arthroplasty rates were recorded with the remaining patients contacted to obtain final International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner's scores. Failure was defined as conversion to arthroplasty or failing IKDC score (< 75.4). Forty-five meniscal ossicles in 45 patients (26 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 51 years (standard deviation [SD] = 19.0) were included. Pain was the most common presenting symptom (89%). Forty-two patients (93%) had an associated meniscus root tear on MRI. Eighteen percent of patients that did not have an ossicle on initial imaging subsequently developed an ossicle. Mean KL grades progressed significantly from baseline of 1.84 (SD = 1.0) to 2.55 (SD = 0.93 p < 0.01) on final follow-up. Thirty-nine percent of baseline radiographs showed KL grades of less than 2 compared with only 15% of follow-up radiographs (p = 0.04). Mean IKDC score obtained for patients ≤ 60 at an average follow-up of 3.1 years (SD = 3.2) was 65.2 (SD = 19.0). Eight out of 45 patients (18%) had progressed to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by latest available follow-up. Sixty-two percent of patients met failure criteria at latest available follow-up. The meniscal ossicle is most commonly found in the posterior horn or root of the medial meniscus and is highly suggestive to be sequelae of a posterior root tear. Therefore, the presence of a meniscal ossicle should alert the orthopaedic surgeon to the high likelihood of the patient having a meniscus root tear. These patients have shown to have poor clinical outcomes and worsening arthritis.

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Ossicle of the meniscus

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Osteology and Radiographic Anatomy of the Pelvis and Hind Limb of Healthy Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Formation and maturation of the murine meniscus

Understanding the Implications of the Meniscal Ossicle: Patient Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes

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