Osteoconduction of Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells on an Electrospun Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Scaffold Coated with Nanohydroxyapatite

Abstract

The limitation of traditional bone grafts could be overcome by applying engineered bone constructs, which are mainly produced by seeding suitable stem cells on appropriate scaffolds. So far, bone marrow-derived stromal cells have been the most applied cells in bone tissue engineering, but current data show that unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) from human cord blood might actually be a better stem cell source due to the accessibility and noninvasive procedure of collection. In this study, we cultured USSCs on a plasma-treated electrospun polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold coated with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). Adhesion and proliferation of USSCs on PLGA/nHA were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay. Osteogenic differentiation of USSCs into osteoblast lineage cells was evaluated via alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our observation showed that USSCs attached and proliferated on PLGA/nHA. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by increased ALP activity and OSTEONECTIN expression in USSCs on PLGA/nHA after the 1st week of the osteogenic period. Therefore, using USSCs on electrospun PLGA/nHA is a promising approach in bone tissue engineering.

The effect of platelet‐rich fibrin exudate addition to porous poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffold in bone healing: An in vivo study

“…In the area of engineered bone graft, the utilization of a suitable scaffold with a regenerative additive has been described, with each respective component of the construct showing efficacy in the area of bone regeneration. In the case of PLGA scaffold, in vitro studies have demonstrated its osteoconductive properties and ability to maintain space, while preventing unwanted soft tissue infiltration (Shahi et al, ). The efficacy of PLGA material was further validated when, used as membranes in both in vitro and in situ, guided tissue regeneration, with significant bone regeneration (Hoornaert, d'Arros, Heymann, & Layrolle, ; Kawasaki, Ohba, Nakatani, & Asahina, ).…”

“…Furthermore, PLGA can be readily processed and fabricated, thereby increasing the supply of the final polymeric material (Danhier et al, ; Zhao et al, ). These favorable properties, as well as the ability to manufacture the polymer in a filamentous form, has afforded interests to expand the use of PLGA polymer into a biodegradable scaffold for the regeneration of bone (Noronha Oliveira et al, ; Shahi et al, ). Both the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA) have approved PLGA as a drug delivery vehicle, clinical diagnostic tool, and tissue engineering construct (Lu, Wang, Marin‐Muller, et al, ; Martins, Sousa, Araujo, & Sarmento, ).…”

“…In the realm of tissue engineering, PLGA has already been used as a transient scaffold to support healing of bone defects with local delivery of osteogenic additives (Noronha Oliveira et al, ; Shahi et al, ). We propose a novel, dual‐step, application of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) derivatives to the PLGA scaffold for the purpose of bone defect regeneration.…”

Surface mineralized hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds based on poly(l‐lactide) and alginate enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

“…They observed that the existence of bioactive SF/HA molecules and the nanofibrous structure, supported biological functions. 21 Shahi et al 22 indicated the improved adhesion and proliferation of USSCs on electrospun PLGA/HA.…”

Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute

“…Allograft use risks disease transmission and has limited availability from young, healthy donors 39 [De Long et al, 2007;Campana et al, 2014]. Consequently, there is increased interest in tissue-40 engineered bone substitutes [Wanschitz et al, 2007;Pina et al, 2017;Shahi et al, 2018;Iaquinta 41 et al, 2019]. 42…”