Osteogenic distraction in the face

Using Distracting Capsule and Resin Bridge for Segmental Distraction Osteogenesis for an Implant-supported Ceramic Crown in the Esthetic Zone of the Anterior Maxilla: 10-year Clinical Report

“…According to previous reports, bone formed by distraction may be more stable and successful compared to the ones augmented by other surgical procedures, such as guided bone regeneration, onlay graft, or bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2) [1,4,14]. In addition, this method of bony distraction can reduce the risk of post-operative morbidity because of an induction of natural bone formation [4,6,9,10,13,15,17].…”

“…Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical procedure of generating new bone by mobilizing the normal healing process of bone formation [4,9,10,13]. This procedure follows an osteotomy and gradual distraction to mobilize a bone block and enhance the implant site for a patient presenting with a bony deficiency.…”

“…Once the osteotomy is performed to release a block of bone, the bony segment is slowly distracted in the vertical and horizontal directions to stimulate bone formation according to the morphology of the ridge [11,12]. Compared to a conventional grafting procedure, this procedure is especially advantageous for increasing the height of the ridge keeping with the surrounding soft tissue and blood supply needed to promote the vitality of bone and eliminating the need of harvesting bone transplant [4,9,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. According to Chiapasco et al [1], bone resorption prior to implant placement was less in the distracted site than in the grafted site with autogenous bone.…”

Tissue Engineering in Cleft Palate and Other Congenital Malformations

“…After the osteotomy, the two bone edges are left unperturbed during the latency period, allowing an initial fracture callus to form and the regional accumulation of cytokines and growth factors to recruit and organize osteoblast and osteoclast activity (33). This is followed by the activation phase, when the bony segments are moved apart from one another, which usually progresses at a rate of 0.5 to 2 mm per day, until the desired degree of distraction is obtained (33). Complications arising from an improper rate of distraction include fibrous union and premature consolidation, depending on whether the process was too expeditious or delayed, respectively (33).…”

“…The severity of anatomical derangement and resultant functional sequelae of patients eligible for craniofacial DO is highly variable. In cases of mandibular hypoplasia, or situations in which the mandible is posteriorly displaced from proper anatomic position, an increasing portion of the tongue becomes resident in the oropharynx and hypopharynx (33). This retroversion of oral soft tissue can result in significant airway obstruction, often mandating tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation (34).…”