“…The THP-1 cell line acquired from NCCS, Pune, India, was cultured in RPMI-1640 (PAN-Biotech, Germany) containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S in a CO 2 incubator maintaining 5% CO 2 , 95% humidity, and temperature of 37 °C. For differentiation into classical M0, pro-inflammatory M1, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, THP-1 cells were activated with 10 ng/mL PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, (Cayman Chemicals, USA)), 100 ng/mL LPS (lipopolysaccharide) (Cayman Chemicals, USA), and 5 ng/mL IL-4 (interleukin 4) (ProSpec-Tany, TechnoGene, Israel), respectively . On top of hydrogel coatings, 5 × 10 4 cells were seeded in each well of a 24-well plate, and assays were performed at time intervals of 3, 7, and 14 days …”