Osteossarcoma e condrossarcoma: diferenciação radiográfica por meio da tomografia computadorizada

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to associate and compare the radiographic patterns of osteosarcoma and those of chondrosarcoma by means of computed tomography (CT). Computed tomographs of five cases of osteosarcoma and five cases of chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region were analyzed. The sensitivity of CT was calculated based on the results of histopathological examinations. We concluded that CT can facilitate the establishment of the final diagnosis since it is possible to distinguish the individual characteristics of osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas in that exam.

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma

“…[ 6 ] CT is an excellent auxiliary method in the diagnosis of osteosarcomas, as it provides visualization of tumoral calcifications, involvement of cortical bone and soft tissues and the medullary extension. [ 3 ] In the present case, CT of the region was performed, which showed evidence of a mixed mass, radiolucent with dispersed areas of radiopacity, with poorly defined and indistinct peripheral edges, that was not possible to visualize in panthomography. Furthermore, it presented aggressive destruction of the cortical bone involving adjacent soft tissues and bones.…”

“…Nevertheless, other authors have pointed out that osteosarcomas may present as a radiopaque, homogeneous and well-delimited mass. [ 3 ]…”

“…The term osteosarcoma refers to a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with bone formation or malignant mesenchymal tissue that presents histopathological evidence of osteogenic differentiation. [ 1 ] The exact etiopathogenesis of the disease is still unknown;[ 2 ] however, according to Tossato et al .,[ 3 ] some risk factors have been associated with the development of osteosarcomas, such as fibrous dysplasia, retinoblastoma, previous exposure to radioactivity, Paget's disease and chronic osteomyelitis. Post-radiation osteogenic sarcoma has been related in bones with preexistent benign diseases, such as fibrous dysplasia and Paget's disease.…”

Calcaneal chondrosarcoma: a case report

“…Thus, several methods are used for detecting these neoplasms, such as conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 10 The nodular growth pattern of the cartilage produces radiographically prominent endosteal scalloping. The calcified matrix appears as foci of flocculent density, and mottled, “popped”, spotty or ring-like calcification of the cartilaginous matrix.…”

“…It provides significant improvement in determinations of the morphological modifications resulting from benign or malignant disease, along with high-quality images with excellent anatomical resolution and reduced levels of artifacts. 10 In many studies, CT has presented very high sensitivity for detecting morphological alterations caused by neoplasia (between 80% and 100%), and has shown the primary origin of the lesions, with excellent viewing of radiopaque areas and the number of neoplastic foci present. 10 This high sensitivity rate has been demonstrated by the capacity that CT has for showing the extent of the lesion, its depth and the involvement of the adjacent soft and hard tissues, with reduced levels of technical artifacts.…”