Outbreak of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157 Associated with Raw Milk, Connecticut, 2008

Guh, Alice; Phan, Quyen; Nelson, Randall; Purviance, Katherine; Milardo, Elaine; Kinney, Stacey; Mshar, P.; Kasacek, Wayne; Cartter, Matthew L.

doi:10.1086/657304

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…are mostly transmitted to humans by direct contact with infectious animal tissue, inhalation of aerosolized droplets or the consumption of raw milk and its products. Many people in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa consume raw milk and believe that raw milk and its products have advantages or value over the pasteurized milk [36][37][38]. In South Africa, the prevalence of B. abortus in cattle is relatively high and outbreaks are reported from all provinces; in contrast, outbreaks of B. melitensis in sheep and/or goats have been rare but could be on the rise [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Brucella species in cattle, sheep and goats obtained from selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Caine¹,

Nwodo²,

Okoh³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Brucella species in cattle, sheep and goats obtained from selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Caine¹,

Nwodo²,

Okoh³

et al. 2017

APJTD

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“…HUS D+ is more often sporadic, but large outbreaks have been reported. Cattle and sheep are the main reservoirs, and the major transmission route is believed to be food contaminated with animal feces [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Contaminated water has also been recognized as a source [19] , and direct human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission have been reported [20] .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

Salvadori

Bertoni²

2013

WJN

116

111

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Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a rare disease. In this work the authors review the recent findings on HUS, considering the different etiologic and pathogenetic classifications. New findings in genetics and, in particular, mutations of genes that encode the complement-regulatory proteins have improved our understanding of atypical HUS. Similarly, the complement proteins are clearly involved in all types of thrombotic microangiopathy: typical HUS, atypical HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Furthermore, several secondary HUS appear to be related to abnormalities in complement genes in predisposed patients. The authors highlight the therapeutic aspects of this rare disease, examining both "traditional therapy" (including plasma therapy, kidney and kidneyliver transplantation) and "new therapies". The latter include anti-Shiga-toxin antibodies and anti-C5 monoclonal antibody "eculizumab". Eculizumab has been recently launched for the treatment of the atypical HUS, but it appears to be effective in the treatment of typical HUS and in TTP. Future therapies are in phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ. They include anti-C5 antibodies, which are more purified, less immunogenic and absorbed orally and, anti-C3 antibodies, which are more powerful, but potentially less safe. Additionally, infusions of recombinant complement-regulatory proteins are a potential future therapy.

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“…Food products of animal origin have been confirmed as vehicles of disease transmission in case-control studies of VTEC outbreaks and sporadic VTEC infections; these included raw milk (Guh et al, 2010) and undercooked meat products (Chapman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Ajavsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<I>ESCHERICHIA COLI</I> PATHOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA IN HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Shabana¹

2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Ruminants are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogenic E. coli. The objective of this study was to characterize pathogenic E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep linked to human illness with respect to their path types, serotypes and genotypes. E. coli O157:H7 isolated from cattle, sheep and human patients were compared for their genomic similarity by Pulsed-Field Gel-Electrophoresis (PFGE). PCR detection of virulence factors associated with different E. coli path types (VTEC, ETEC, EPEC, EAEC and EIEC) revealed that VTEC was the most prevalent path type (22/45; 48.9%), followed by EAEC (3/45; 6.7%), EPEC (1/45; 2.2%), a EPEC (3/45; 6.7%), ETEC (1/45; 2.2%) and EIEC (1/45; 2.2%). E. coli O157:H7 represented the most prevalent VTEC serotypes (11/22; 50%). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing revealed exact matches between E. coli O157:H7 isolates from the human patients, sheep and cattle in the same municipality. VTEC play an important cause of diarrhea in human, sheep and cattle. The molecular relatedness between PFGE profiles of E. coli O157:H7 isolates from human, sheep and cattle supported the hypothesis that ruminants especially cattle and sheep act as reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 for human infection.

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Outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157 Associated with Raw Milk, Connecticut, 2008

Abstract: Farm X's raw milk was the outbreak source despite no violations of current raw milk regulatory standards. This outbreak resulted in substantial costs and proposed legislation to prohibit nonfarm retail sale, strengthen advisory labels, and increase raw milk testing for pathogens.

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular characterization of Brucella species in cattle, sheep and goats obtained from selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Molecular characterization of Brucella species in cattle, sheep and goats obtained from selected municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

<I>ESCHERICHIA COLI</I> PATHOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA IN HUMAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS

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