Outcomes and experiences after child custody loss among mothers who use drugs: A mixed studies systematic review

Darlington, Caroline K.; Clark, Rebecca; Jacoby, Sara F.; Terplan, Mishka; Alexander, Karen; Compton, Peggy

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110944

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In our study, we observed that one in four infants with NAS were placed in adoption or foster care after birth, suggesting that the circumstances of the mother and/or her family were not conducive to healthy infant development. However, the time of childbirth often presents an opportune moment to intervene in these mothers’ lives, as the new baby heightens their motivation and desire for improvement in health and social conditions ( 32 – 34 ). Mother–infant rooming-in and bonding are recognized as the most successful post-delivery strategies yielding positive outcomes ( 13 , 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant mortality and morbidity: a population-based study

Lisonkova,

Wen,

Richter

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundInfant health among newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has been understudied. We examined infant mortality and hospitalizations among infants diagnosed with NAS after birth.MethodsAll live births in British Columbia (BC), Canada, for fiscal years from 2004–2005 to 2019–2020, were included (N = 696,900). NAS was identified based on International Classification of Diseases, version 10, Canadian modification (ICD-10-CA) codes; the outcomes included infant death and hospitalizations during the first year of life, ascertained from BC linked administrative data. Generalized estimating equation models were used to adjust for maternal factors.ResultsThere were 2,439 infants with NAS (3.50 per 1,000 live births). Unadjusted for other factors, infant mortality was 2.5-fold higher in infants with vs. without NAS (7.79 vs. 3.08 per 1,000 live births, respectively) due to increased post-discharge mortality NAS (5.76 vs. 1.34 per 1,000 surviving infants, respectively). These differences diminished after adjustment: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for infant death was 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52–1.39]; AOR for post-discharge death was 1.75 (95% CI 1.00–3.06). Overall, 22.3% infants with NAS had at least one hospitalization after post-neonatal discharge, this proportion was 10.7% in those without NAS. During the study period, discharge to foster care declined from 49.5% to 20.3% in infants with NAS.ConclusionUnadjusted for other factors, infants with NAS had increased post-discharge infant mortality and hospitalizations during the first year of life. This association diminished after adjustment for adverse maternal and socio-medical conditions. Infants with NAS had a disproportionately higher rate of placement in foster care after birth, although this proportion declined dramatically between 2004/2005 and 2019/2020. These results highlight the importance of implementing integrated care services to support infants born with NAS and their mothers during the first year of life and beyond, even though NAS itself is not independently associated with increased infant mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant mortality and morbidity: a population-based study

Lisonkova,

Wen,

Richter

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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“…However, there is evidence that protective factors, including supportive relationships and educational attainment can disrupt the intergenerational transmission of placement in OOHC [11,12]. Evidence also indicates that loss of child custody also negatively affects maternal health-with increased rates of substance use, overdose, mental illness, trauma and mortality [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parents who inject drugs: Demographics, care arrangements and correlates for child placement in out‐of‐home care

Chan,

Ward,

Maher

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionChildren in families affected by substance use disorders are at high risk of being placed in out‐of‐home care (OOHC). We aimed to describe the characteristics of parents who inject drugs and identify correlates associated with child placement in OOHC.MethodsWe used baseline data from a community‐based cohort of parents who inject drugs (SuperMIX) from Melbourne, Australia. Participants were recruited via convenience, respondent‐driven and snowball sampling from April 2008 to November 2020, with follow‐up until March 2021. To explore correlates associated with child placement to OOHC, we used multivariable logistic regression and assessed for potential interactions between gender and a range of relevant covariates.ResultsOf the 1067 participants, 611 (57%) reported being parents. Fifty‐six percent of parents reported child protection involvement. Almost half (49%) had children in OOHC. Nearly half of the parents lived in unstable accommodation (44%) and many of them experienced moderate–severe levels of anxiety (48%) and depression (53%). Female or non‐binary gender, identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, experiencing assault and having more children were associated with child removal to OOHC. Of the 563 participants who reported their own childhood care status, 135 (24%) reported they had been removed to OOHC.Discussion and ConclusionsWe identified high rates of child placement in OOHC among parents who inject drugs. There is a need for targeted health and social services, that are gender and culturally responsive, in addition to systems‐level interventions addressing social inequities, such as housing, to support parents to care for their children.

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Prevention of postpartum methamphetamine use with micronized progesterone trial (PROMPT): A pilot randomized controlled trial protocol

Smid,

Seliski,

Charles

et al. 2024

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

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Outcomes and experiences after child custody loss among mothers who use drugs: A mixed studies systematic review

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant mortality and morbidity: a population-based study

Neonatal abstinence syndrome and infant mortality and morbidity: a population-based study

Parents who inject drugs: Demographics, care arrangements and correlates for child placement in out‐of‐home care

Prevention of postpartum methamphetamine use with micronized progesterone trial (PROMPT): A pilot randomized controlled trial protocol

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