Outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in individuals with natural and hybrid immunity

Suleyman, Geehan; Fadel, Raef; Patel, Kunj; Shadid, A.M.; Stuart, Haim Bernardo Cotlear; Kattula, M.M.; Janis, Andrea; Maki, Mohamed; Chao, Shing; Alangaden, George; Brar, Indira

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.003

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Despite triple vaccination, multiple studies have shown that breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections are common with the rapidly evolving omicron variants. (1,2) Currently approved intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong serum neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers and binding IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S), which have been identified as correlates of protection from symptomatic and severe COVID-19, however, they confer little mucosal immunity at the site of virus entry. (3) Blood nAb titers and anti-S IgG levels decline within months, resulting in the need for multiple intramuscular boosters with updated composition to match circulating variants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early, robust mucosal secretory IgA but not IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike in oral fluid is associated with faster viral clearance and COVID-19 symptom resolution

Pisanic,

Antar,

Hetrich

et al. 2024

Preprint

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High priority efforts are under way to support the development of novel mucosal COVID-19 vaccines, such as the US Government’s ProjectNextGenand the Center for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations’ (CEPI) goal to respond to the next pandemic with a new vaccine in 100 days. However, there is limited consensus about the complementary role of mucosal immunity in disease progression and how the immunogenicity of mucosal vaccines will be evaluated. This study investigated the role of oral mucosal antibody responses in viral clearance and in COVID-19 symptom duration.Participants with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection provided oral fluid for testing with SARS-CoV-2 antibody multiplex assays, nasal swabs for RT-PCR and symptom information at up to eight follow-ups from April 2020 to February 2022.High and moderate oral fluid anti-spike (S) SIgA post infection was associated with significantly higher likelihood of viral clearance and of COVID-19 symptom resolution across age groups. Those with high and moderate anti-S SIgA cleared the virus and recovered 14 days (95% CI: 10-18 days) and 9-10 days (95% CI: 6-14 days) earlier, respectively. Delayed but higher oral fluid anti-S IgG was associated with significantly longer time to viral clearance and recovery. The effect size of moderate or high SIgA was equivalent to prior COVID-19 vaccine immunity, which was also associated with faster clearance and recovery. Unvaccinated adults with prolonged COVID-19 symptoms had significantly lower anti-RBD SIgA 15-30 days after infection onset (p<0.001).Robust mucosal SIgA early post infection appears to support faster clearance of SARS-CoV-2 and recovery from COVID-19 symptoms. This research underscores the importance of harmonizing mucosal immune response assays to evaluate new vaccines that can boost local mucosal immunity.DisclaimerThe findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%