Outcomes of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Cardiac Myxoma: A Retrospective Multicentric Study

Abstract

The patient database at the First Department of Internal Medicine in Martin, the Central Slovak Institute for Cardiac and Vascular Diseases in Banska Bystrica, and the National Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Bratislava was searched to identify patients with benign tumors of the heart seen during the 5-year period between 2011 and 2016. Forty-one patients with primary cardiac myxomas were identified and their medical records were reviewed for details pertaining to presenting symptoms, staging modalities, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Most of the studied patients were diagnosed with echocardiography (n = 35, 85%). The occurrence of the tumor was higher in the female population (n = 25, 61%). The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnoea (n = 17, 42%), chest pain (n = 3, 7%), or pain and paraesthesia of the limbs (n = 2, 5%). Acute embolic event due to embolization of tumor fragments resulted in cerebral stroke (n = 5, 12%). All patients were treated by resection. Only one comorbid patient died due to multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome two weeks after the resection. The most common postoperative complication was bleeding (n = 2, 5%) and infection (n = 2, 5%). The early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are often curative, with very low risk of recurrence. Postoperative survival is high.

Positive calretinin stain with immunohistochemistry in a 49 year-old female with cardiac myxoma: A case report

“…However, recurrence of intracardiac after surgical excision is found in 12-22% of familial cardiac myxoma and 1-4% in sporadic cases. 1,2,12 The last condition of the patient in this case at the time of control was in good condition and able to carry out daily activities as usual.…”

“…For tumors larger than 1 cm in size, surgical resection should be performed immediately to prevent the risk of embolization. 1,6,[10][11][12] In this case, surgical resection of the tumor was performed.…”

Current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac myxoma

“…The median (minimummaximum) study period was 20.6 (6-57) years, and the median (minimum-maximum) number of studied patients was 68 (TABLE 1). 13,21 Epidemiology Cardiac myxoma is a rare benign cardiac tumor, and its incidence is observed in approximately 0.5-1 cases per 1 million people per year. 1,4,11,24 The condition may develop in all ages, more frequently in women than in men.…”

“…There are no criteria for the diagnosis of CM by electrocardiography, because heart rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia, are commonly found in other cardiac diseases. 9,14,21 However, TTE and TEE show a 90% to 96% accuracy in diagnosing CM. Transthoracic echocardiography is the simplest and most useful examination in patients with cardiac diseases, particularly in those with cardiac tumors.…”

“…Conventional coronary angiography or CT coronary angiography (in patients below 40 years of age) is recommended in all patients before surgery. 12,21 With its high accuracy, TEE may help to evaluate a heart valve affected by CM or determine the exact location of CM (in the interatrial septum, mitral, aortic, or tricuspid valve, left or right ventricular wall, or interventricular septum). The presence of heart valve disease and coronary artery disease affects surgical treatment and impacts postoperative outcomes.…”