Outdoor thermal benchmarks and thermal safety for children: A study in China's cold region

Huang, Boze; Hong, Bo; Tian, Yu; Yuan, Tingting; Su, Meifang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147603

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Lower values of TSV were detected for female students than for male students, and significant differences between the overall votes of males and females were detected. This effect has been also found in previous research conducted in cold regions [42]. Similar results were reported by Jowkar et al [14], who conducted a study of higher educational buildings in Coventry and Edinburgh, and concluded that women tended to have statistically higher thermal preferences and lower thermal TSVs than men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Thermal Perception in Naturally Ventilated University Buildings in Spain during the Cold Season

et al. 2022

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The indoor thermal environment has become a critical factor, due to its impact on the energy efficiency of a building and the health and performance of its occupants. It is particularly important for educational buildings, where students and teachers are exposed to these thermal conditions. This study assessed the impact of natural ventilation efficiency and university students’ thermal perception during the cold season. A field monitoring campaign and a questionnaire survey were conducted. A total of 989 students participated in this study. The results show that, although the CO2 concentration in 90% of the evaluated classrooms was below the European recommended value (i.e., 800 ppm), only 18% of the classrooms were within the thermal comfort zone defined by national regulations. These thermal conditions caused 55% of the students surveyed to report that they were dissatisfied, and that this environment interfered with their academic performance. Significant differences were found between thermal sensation votes from female and male students (p < 0.001). The obtained neutral temperature was one degree higher for female students than for males. Our results suggest that ventilation protocols need to be modified by adjusting the window opening strategy, and these findings should be used as guidelines during their redesign.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Thermal Perception in Naturally Ventilated University Buildings in Spain during the Cold Season

et al. 2022

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“…During the test, the surface temperature (Ts) of a child's potential exposure to a cold object was measured and recorded every hour using an infrared thermal imaging camera (FLUKETiR110) (Figure 4). The temperature of the surface perpendicular to the direction of the sun's radiation is taken as the Ts of the object according to the altitude angle of the sun when the photo was taken [30]. During the test, the surface temperature (T s ) of a child's potential exposure to a cold object was measured and recorded every hour using an infrared thermal imaging camera (FLUKETiR110) (Figure 4).…”

Section: Meteorological Measurement and T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meteorological Measurement and T Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrete-scale Likert scales were chosen instead of continuous scales to avoid further expansion of individual differences and reducing measurement uncertainty [46]. The first part of the questionnaire includes questions regarding the sex, age, height, weight, clothing of the subject, and type of activity performed by the subject in the past 20 min [21,30,47,48]. In the second part of the questionnaire, the thermal sensation was recorded on a nine-point scale (4, very cold; 3, cold; 2, cool; 1, slightly cool; 0, neutral; 1, slightly warm; 2, warm; and 3, hot).…”

Section: Survey Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results suggest that thermally safe and comfortable playgrounds minimize environmental health risks for children. Huang et al [30] explored the thermal comfort and safety of children in the open space of urban parks in China's cold region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor Cold Stress and Cold Risk for Children during Winter: A Study in China’s Severe Cold Regions

Shao

Tang

et al. 2022

Buildings

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This study uses the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and whole-body and local cooling assessment to determine the thermal benchmarks and cold risk for children in China’s severe cold regions. The relevant measurements and survey were conducted in four open spaces at a children’s park in Harbin, China. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) In winter, solar radiation and global temperature affects winter thermal sensation in male and female children the most. (2) Female children have a lower neutral UTCI (6.0 °C) than male children (7.3 °C), and female children have lower upper and lower thresholds of the neutral UTCI range (1.3–13.4 °C) than male children (0.6–14.1 °C). (3) Children who engaged in light-intensity activities, were exposed to cold winds, and touched cold surfaces with their bare fingers are at risk of whole-body and local cooling. (4) Children prefer exercising (PFemale = 35.5%, PMale = 48.3%) and moving to sunshine for thermal adaptation (PFemale = 31.1%, PMale = 26.4%). (5) Winter travel guidelines, cold-risk-prevention measures, and safety guidelines for winter outdoor activities are proposed. The results provide references for the design of open spaces in urban parks in China’s severe cold regions.

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Merging Heat Stress Hazard and Crowding Features to Frame Risk Scenarios Within the Urban Built Environment

Cadena

Salvalai

Bernardini

et al. 2021

Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2021

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Outdoor thermal benchmarks and thermal safety for children: A study in China's cold region

Cited by 54 publications

References 49 publications

Thermal Perception in Naturally Ventilated University Buildings in Spain during the Cold Season

Thermal Perception in Naturally Ventilated University Buildings in Spain during the Cold Season

Outdoor Cold Stress and Cold Risk for Children during Winter: A Study in China’s Severe Cold Regions

Merging Heat Stress Hazard and Crowding Features to Frame Risk Scenarios Within the Urban Built Environment

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