Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes

Ouzounov, Dimitar; Liu, Defu; Chen, Kang; Cervone, Guido; Kafatos, Menas; Taylor, Patrick T.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.042

Cited by 258 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two theories have been cited recently. The first is based on the release of Radon gas prior to the earthquake, which may then cause air conductivity changes, latent heat/IR signatures, and ionospheric changes (Liu, 2004;Ouzounov, 2007). The second theory is based on semiconductor physics, and cites the existence of stress-induced mobile charge carriers (p-holes) in the rock structure that cause active current pulses within rocks, corresponding magnetic pulsations, air conductivity changes near the ground, Infra Red (IR) signatures within a wider area, and Total Electron Content (TEC) changes in the ionosphere above the epicenter (Freund, 2006(Freund, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Bleier

Dunson

Alvarez

et al. 2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Analysis of the 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake near San José California showed that magnetic pulsations were present in large numbers and with significant amplitudes during the 2 week period leading up the event. These pulsations were 1-30 s in duration, had unusual polarities (many with only positive or only negative polarities versus both polarities), and were different than other pulsations observed over 2 years of data in that the pulse sequence was sustained over a 2 week period prior to the quake, and then disappeared shortly after the quake. A search for the underlying physics process that might explain these pulses was was undertaken, and one theory (Freund, 2002) demonstrated that charge carriers were released when various types of rocks were stressed in a laboratory environment. It was also significant that the observed charge carrier generation was transient, and resulted in pulsating current patterns. In an attempt to determine if this phenomenon occurred outside of the laboratory environment, the authors scaled up the physics experiment from a relatively small rock sample in a dry laboratory setting, to a large 7 metric tonne boulder comprised of Yosemite granite. This boulder was located in a natural, humid (above ground) setting at Bass Lake, Ca. The boulder was instrumented with two Zonge Engineering, Model ANT4 induction type magnetometers, two Trifield Air Ion Counters, a surface charge detector, a geophone, a Bruker Model EM27 Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer with Sterling cycle cooler, and various temperature sensors. The boulder was stressed over about 8 h using expanding concrete (Bustar tm ), until it fractured into three major pieces. The recorded data showed surface charge build up, magnetic pulsations, impulsive air conductivity changes, and acoustical cues starting about 5 h before the boulder actually Correspondence to: T. Bleier (tbleier@quakefinder.com) broke. These magnetic and air conductivity pulse signatures resembled both the laboratory rock stressing results and the 30 October 2007 M5.4 Alum Rock earthquake field data.The second part of this paper examined other California earthquakes, prior to the Alum Rock earthquake, to see if magnetic pulsations were also present prior to those events. A search for field examples of medium earthquakes was performed to identify earthquakes where functioning magnetometers were present within 20 km, the expected detection range of the magnetometers. Two earthquakes identified in the search included the 12 August 1998 M5.1 San Juan Bautista (Hollister Ca.) earthquake and the 28 September 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Ca. earthquake. Both of these data sets were recorded using EMI Corp. Model BF4 induction magnetometers, installed in equipment owned and operated by UC Berkeley. Unfortunately, no air conductivity or IR data were available for these earthquake examples. This new analysis of old data used the raw time series data (40 samples per s), and examined the data for short duration pulsations that exceeded the normal backgro...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Bleier

Dunson

Alvarez

et al. 2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Thermal anomaly can generally be defined as the departure of a current observation value from the long-term average reference (Ouzounov et al, 2007); it is used to relate seismicity with temporal and spatial variations of thermal radiation signals from satellite observations. Different data processing methods have been proposed in this domain over the past years.…”

Section: Anomaly Detection Methods 280mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may also be an important reason that not all earthquakes exhibit significant pre-seismic thermal anomalies. The eddy field method is used to calculate and add the difference data between adjacent lattice points of the data to obtain the spatial distribution of the vorticity value (Ouzounov et al, 2007). The formula is as follows: where EF( , ) is the eddy value at spatial location ( , ), and v is the observation value of a pixel.…”

Section: Image Difference Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-seismic Thermal Anomalies from Satellite Observations: A Review

Jiao

Zhao

Shan

2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Detecting thermal anomalies prior to strong earthquakes is a key in understanding and forecasting earthquake activities because of its recognition of thermal radiation-related phenomena in seismic preparation phases. Data from satellite observations serve as a powerful tool in monitoring earthquake preparation areas at a global scale and in a nearly real-time 10 manner. Over the past several decades, many new different data sources have been utilized in this field, and progressive anomaly detection approaches have been developed. This paper dedicatedly reviews the progress and development of preseismic thermal anomaly detection technology in this decade. First, precursor parameters, including parameters from the top of the atmosphere, in the atmosphere, and on the Earth's surface, are discussed. Second, different anomaly detection methods, which are used to extract thermal anomalous signals that probably indicate future seismic events, are presented. Finally, certain 15 critical problems with the current research are highlighted, and new developing trends and perspectives for future work are discussed. The development of Earth observation satellites and anomaly detection algorithms can enrich available information sources, provide advanced tools for multilevel earthquake monitoring and improve short-and medium-term forecasting, which should play a large and growing role in pre-seismic thermal anomaly research.

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“…These reported occurrences include unusual ultra-low-frequency electromagnetic emissions (ULF) (Bleier et al, 2009), anomalies in very-low (VLF) and low-frequencies (LF) radio transmissions (Biagi et al, 2009), variation of the ionosphere total electron content (TEC) (Chauhan et al, 2009), atypical emissions of infrared radiation (IR) (Ouzounov et al, 2007), and anomalous levels of various geochemical elements (radon in particular) in the earthquake preparation zone (for a review of this complex topic, see Toutain et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric electrical field decrease during the <i>M = 4.1</i> Sousel earthquake (Portugal)

Silva

Bezzeghoud

Reis

et al. 2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In this paper, we report the observation of a significant decrease of the vertical component of the atmospheric electrical field in theÉvora region (Portugal) during the M = 4.1 Sousel earthquake of 27 March 2010. The epicentre of the earthquake was 52 km from the observation site, which falls within the theoretical earthquake preparation radius. A simple interpretation based on hypothetical radon emissions is presented, and future experiments required to elucidate these observations are outlined. To our knowledge, this is the first reported observation of a decrease of the atmospheric electrical field preceding an earthquake.

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Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes

Cited by 258 publications

References 18 publications

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Pre-seismic Thermal Anomalies from Satellite Observations: A Review

Atmospheric electrical field decrease during the <i>M = 4.1</i> Sousel earthquake (Portugal)

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Outgoing long wave radiation variability from IR satellite data prior to major earthquakes

Cited by 258 publications

References 18 publications

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Correlation of pre-earthquake electromagnetic signals with laboratory and field rock experiments

Pre-seismic Thermal Anomalies from Satellite Observations: A Review

Atmospheric electrical field decrease during the &lt;i&gt;M = 4.1&lt;/i&gt; Sousel earthquake (Portugal)

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Atmospheric electrical field decrease during the <i>M = 4.1</i> Sousel earthquake (Portugal)