Outpatient atorvastatin use and severe COVID‐19 outcomes: A population‐based study

Visos‐Varela, Irene; Zapata‐Cachafeiro, Maruxa; Pintos‐Rodríguez, Samuel; Bugarín‐González, Rosendo; González‐Barcala, Francisco Javier; Herdeiro, Maria T.; Piñeiro‐Lamas, María; Figueiras, Adolfo; Salgado‐Barreira, Ángel

doi:10.1002/jmv.28971

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In total, 38 studies containing 260,351 COVID-19 patients were included in this meta-analysis. 10 - 12 , 18 - 52 All studies were related to Spain, with sample sizes ranging from 57 to 86,867 patients based on the clear endpoint of death. Thirty-one studies were based on hospitalized patients, and the remaining seven studies were based on all patients and addressed the relationship between asthma and COVID-19 mortality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant association between asthma and a lower risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Spain: A meta-analysis

Shi,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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Background: Various prevalences of asthma in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in different regions, and the association between asthma and COVID-19 subsequent mortality has been in debate. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between asthma and COVID-19 mortality in Spain through a meta-analysis. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were strictly complied with conducting this study. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects model. The I 2 statistics for heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis for robustness, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test for publication bias, along with subgroup analyses for confounding bias, were also performed to support the foundation of this study. Results: The meta-analysis revealed that asthma was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Spain with a random-effects model (pooled OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69–0.88, I 2 = 35%). Further subgroup analyses by male proportion and sample size also indicated that a statistically significant negative correlation did exist between asthma and COVID-19 mortality. Robustness and no publication on-bias were evidenced by sensitivity analysis, Egger’s test, and Begg’s test, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, patients with asthma were found to have a lower risk of mortality from COVID-19 in Spain, especially among elderly patients. In addition, asthmatic patients infected with COVID-19 may be at risk of death compared to non-asthmatic patients, which is not a cause for undue concern, thereby reducing the burden of medication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant association between asthma and a lower risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Spain: A meta-analysis

Shi,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

Qatar Medical Journal

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“…Despite the encouraging nature of these findings, they must be interpreted critically on account of the inherent limitations of these research studies [ 117 , 118 , 119 ]. In addition, it has been described that it can modulate the immune response of patients with COVID-19, preventing the appearance of long COVID, and as a treatment for this [ 120 , 121 ].…”

Section: Retrospective Studies and Clinical Trials That Have Evaluate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study evaluated the risk of hospitalization, mortality, progression, and susceptibility to COVID-19. They collected data on 2821 hospitalized cases, 26,996 non-hospitalized cases, and 52,318 controls [ 121 ].…”

Section: Retrospective Studies and Clinical Trials That Have Evaluate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic use of ATO was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.92) and mortality (aOR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53–0.93), partly attributable to a lower risk of susceptibility to the virus (aOR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86–0.96) [ 121 ].…”

Section: Retrospective Studies and Clinical Trials That Have Evaluate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large degree of heterogeneity observed in the estimated OR of the different statins suggests that there was no class effect. In conclusion, the authors suggest that chronic use of ATO (and, to a lesser extent, simvastatin) is associated with a decreased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes [ 121 ].6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives…”

Section: Retrospective Studies and Clinical Trials That Have Evaluate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

De Jesús-González,

del Ángel,

Palacios-Rápalo

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Metformin (MET) and atorvastatin (ATO) are promising treatments for COVID-19. This review explores the potential of MET and ATO, commonly prescribed for diabetes and dyslipidemia, respectively, as versatile medicines against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their immunomodulatory and antiviral capabilities, as well as their cost-effectiveness and ubiquitous availability, they are highly suitable options for treating the virus. MET’s effect extends beyond managing blood sugar, impacting pathways that can potentially decrease the severity and fatality rates linked with COVID-19. It can partially block mitochondrial complex I and stimulate AMPK, which indicates that it can be used more widely in managing viral infections. ATO, however, impacts cholesterol metabolism, a crucial element of the viral replicative cycle, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory characteristics that could modulate intense immune reactions in individuals with COVID-19. Retrospective investigations and clinical trials show decreased hospitalizations, severity, and mortality rates in patients receiving these medications. Nevertheless, the journey from observing something to applying it in a therapeutic setting is intricate, and the inherent diversity of the data necessitates carefully executed, forward-looking clinical trials. This review highlights the requirement for efficacious, easily obtainable, and secure COVID-19 therapeutics and identifies MET and ATO as promising treatments in this worldwide health emergency.

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The role of traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors on COVID-19 outcomes: a real-world data study

Mallah,

Visos-Varela,

Takkouche

et al. 2024

Inflammopharmacol

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The relation between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and severity of COVID-19 has been the subject to debate since the outbreak of the pandemic. Despite speculations about the possible harmful or protective effects, the position currently most supported by the scientific community is that there is no association between use of NSAIDs and COVID-19 outcomes. With the aim of contributing to increase the body of evidence on this issue, we conducted a case–control study using real-world data to investigate the association between prior use of NSAIDs, by active ingredient and type (traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors), and important COVID-19-related outcomes, including susceptibility, PCR + patient progression, and hospitalisation. Our findings suggest that, in general, the use of traditional NSAIDs is not associated with any adverse COVID-19 outcome. However, we observed a possible association between diclofenac and a higher risk of PCR + patient progression. Our results also suggest that selective COX-2 inhibitors might be related with a reduction in the risk of PCR + patient progression. These results suggest that, with the possible exception of diclofenac, the use of NSAIDs should not be advised against for relief of symptoms in patients with COVID-19. In addition, they support the importance of continue to investigate the treatment potential of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the management of COVID-19, something that could have significant implications for the treatment of this disease and other viral infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10787-024-01568-y.

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Outpatient atorvastatin use and severe COVID‐19 outcomes: A population‐based study

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Significant association between asthma and a lower risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Spain: A meta-analysis

Significant association between asthma and a lower risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients in Spain: A meta-analysis

A Dual Pharmacological Strategy against COVID-19: The Therapeutic Potential of Metformin and Atorvastatin

The role of traditional NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors on COVID-19 outcomes: a real-world data study

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