Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

Imaging has become an essential part of the clinical management of patients with ovarian cancer, contributing to tumor detection, characterization, staging, treatment planning, and follow-up. Imaging findings incorporated into the clinical impression assist in creating a treatment plan specific for an individual patient. Advances in cross-sectional imaging and nuclear medicine (PET) have yielded new insights into the evaluation of tumor prognostic factors. A multimodality approach can satisfy the complex imaging needs of a patient with ovarian cancer; however, the success of such an approach always depends on available resources and on the skills of the physicians involved.

Ovaryen Kitlelerin Görüntülenmesinde Kantitatif Difüzyon-Ağırlıklı Manyetik Rezonans

“…So me be nign le si ons and most com monly en do met ri o mas and he morr ha gic cysts may ha ve a si mi lar ap pe a ran ce with ma lig nant ova ri an tu mors. 3,9 We hypot he si zed if DWI was able to de ter mi ne ma lig nant le si ons of the ovary.…”

“…Most pa ti ents pre sent in ad van ced sta ges of the di se a se du e to the si lent cli ni cal co ur se. [3][4][5] Ul tra so und is the pri mary mo da lity used for de tec ti on and cha rac te ri za ti on of ad ne xal mas ses and re ma ins as the study of cho i ce be ca u se it is re la ti vely inex pen si ve, no nin va si ve, and wi dely ava ilab le. The iden ti fi ca ti on of ova ri an mas ses de pends on tis su e cha rac te ri za ti on ba sed on mag ne tic re sonan ce (MR) pro per ti es.…”

Gynecologic Oncologic Imaging With PET/CT

“…Epithelial serous carcinoma represents approximately 80% of all ovarian cancers and is graded as low, which arises from borderline tumor, or high, with no definite precursor lesion and a poorer prognosis. 54,55 The standard primary treatment for ovarian cancer includes optimal debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy, typically administration of paclitaxel and platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy. 56 Patients diagnosed at an early stage (stage I) have a significantly better prognosis compared with those diagnosed at a later stage (stages III and IV), with the 5-year survival rates estimated at 90% and 25%, respectively.…”

“…Following peritoneal carcinomatosis, transdiaphragmatic spread to the pleura is common. 51,55,[60][61][62][63] Serous papillary carcinoma and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma are the most common histologic subtypes of peritoneal carcinomatosis (Fig. 3).…”

“…There is also the rare spread to the Sister Mary Joseph nodules (umbilical metastases), which is usually a sign of widespread intraabdominal disease and most commonly occurs with serous papillary carcinoma. 55 Lymph node involvement at primary surgery has a reported incidence of 25% in patients with stage I disease, 50% in stage II disease, and 74% in stage III-IV disease. 66 Hematogenous metastases at the time of diagnosis are uncommon, but most commonly occur in the liver (Fig.…”