Ovarian stimulation with daily late follicular phase administration of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization: a prospective, randomized trial

Efficacy of low dose hCG on oocyte maturity for ovarian stimulation in poor responder women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle: a randomized controlled trial

“…A comparable trend which didn't achieve statistical significance, was also noted in a similar trial in poor responders [22]. Some other previous studies reported a significant decrease in total dosage and duration of rFSH treatment in administration of rFSH supplemented or substituted by low dose hCG in a GnRH antagonist protocol [18,19,35,47].…”

“…However, several other studies have shown better outcomes with additional LH in poor responders when GnRH-a short or long protocols were applied [40][41][42] whereas in the study of Bjercke et al and Hompes et al [43,44] in normal responders, the clinical outcomes were similar between rFSH and hMG groups. Some other trials demonstrated favorable treatment outcomes in an antagonist protocol in patients who received low dose hCG [18,45].…”

“…Thereafter, many researchers noted that adding LH activity, through administration of low-dose hCG in the late follicular phase resulted in follicles development and oocytes maturation, avoidance of premature luteinization, improved clinical pregnancies, lowering the rFSH requirements and reducing COH costs [18][19][20][21]. Conversely, some other authors failed to confirm these findings [22][23][24][25].…”

Human choriogonadotropin prior to controlled ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization improves implantation, and pregnancy rates

“…Both groups were stimulated with conventional antagonist protocols [21], briefly patients were started on day 3 with r-FSH (Gonal-F, Serono Labs.) and monitored with serial transvaginal ultrasounds to monitor and control follicular growth and endometrial thickness.…”

“…Multiple permutations of FSH and LH administration during the mid-and late follicular phases have been investigated with varying degrees of success in obtaining oocytes with embryonic developmental competence and efficiency of establishing pregnancies [16][17][18][19][20]. Several studies have demonstrated that administration of LH activity alone or combined with FSH can exert significant actions on folliculogenesis [10,21]. It is hypothesized that LH activity at this phase, enhances development of large pre-ovulatory follicles, ultimately giving rise to oocytes with increased embryonic developmental competence.…”