Overall and regional lung function in Andean natives after descent to low altitude

Jones, Richard L.; Man, S. F. Paul; Matheson, Gordon O.; Parkhouse, W. S.; Allen, Peter S.; McKenzie, D. C.; Hochachka, Peter W.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(92)90096-f

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Schoene et al (1990) ar-gued that the higher SaO 2 in Andeans is made possible because of a larger pulmonary diffusion capacity for oxygen (DLO 2 ). While DLO 2 is problematic to measure, many studies of highland natives show larger pulmonary diffusion capacities for carbon monoxide (DLCO), which is easier to measure and strongly related to DLO 2 (Jones et al, 1992;Remmers and Mithoeffer, 1969;Dempsey et al, 1971;Vincent et al, 1978). Such findings, as well as the reduced alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient (A-a) O 2 found in highland natives during exercise (Dempsey et al, 1971;Zhuang et al, 1996), point strongly to an increased DLO 2 as the factor responsible for higher exercise SaO 2 in Andeans.…”

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confidence: 79%

Higher arterial oxygen saturation during submaximal exercise in Bolivian Aymara compared to European sojourners and Europeans born and raised at high altitude

Brutsaert

Araoz

Soria

et al. 2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) was measured at 3,600-3,850 m by pulse oximetry at rest and during submaximal exercise in three study groups: 1) highland Aymara natives of the Bolivian altiplano (n = 25); 2) lowland European/North American sojourners to the highlands with at least 2 months of acclimatization time to 3,600 m (n = 27); and 3) subjects of European ancestry born and raised at 3,600 m (n = 22). Aymara subjects maintained approximately 1 percentage point higher SaO(2) during submaximal work up to 70% of their maximal work capacity, and showed a smaller rate of decline in SaO(2) with increasing work compared to both European study groups. The higher-exercise SaO(2) of Aymara compared to Europeans born and raised at 3,600 m suggests genetic adaptation. The two European study groups, who differed by exposure to high altitude during their growth and development period, did not show any significant difference in either resting or exercise SaO(2). This suggests that the developmental mode of adaptation is less important than the genetic mode of adaptation in determining exercise SaO(2). A weak correlation was detected (across study groups only) between the residual forced vital capacity (FVC) and the residual SaO(2) measured at the highest level of submaximal work output (P = 0.024, R = 0.26). While firm conclusions based on this correlation are problematic, it is suggested that a part of the higher SaO(2) observed in Aymara natives is due to a larger lung volume and pulmonary diffusion capacity for oxygen. Results from this study are compared to similar studies conducted with Tibetan natives, and are interpreted in light of recent quantitative genetic analyses conducted in both the Andes and Himalayas.

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confidence: 79%

Higher arterial oxygen saturation during submaximal exercise in Bolivian Aymara compared to European sojourners and Europeans born and raised at high altitude

Brutsaert

Araoz

Soria

et al. 2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…The indigenous populations of the South American Andean plateau show morphological and physiological adaptations to hypoxic stress (Rupert and Hochachka, 2001;Beall, 2007a). They have a larger thorax (Hurtado, 1932), higher lung capacity (Frisancho, 1969), higher lung diffusion rate (Jones et al, 1992), and higher hemoglobin levels than lowlanders (Faura et al, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native highland and lowland populations differ in .GAMMA.-globin gene promoter polymorphisms related to altered fetal hemoglobin levels and delayed fetal to adult globin switch after birth

Rottgardt

Rothhammer

Dittmar

2010

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Lowered partial oxygen pressure at high altitude exerts a strong selection pressure. Since hypoxia is most serious for the fetus, fetal hemoglobin genes (HBG1, HBG2) are candidates for genetic adaptation to high altitude. The aim of this study was to compare promoter polymorphisms of these genes for differences between highland and lowland populations. In 50 native highlanders of the Chilean Andes and 50 lowlanders of European ancestry, the promoters of HBG1 and HBG2 genes were sequenced. In the HBG1 promoter, the 4-basepair AGCA deletion was less frequently present in highlanders than in lowlanders (10% vs. 24%, P = 0.014). In the HBG2 promoter, the frequency of the T allele of the common −158 C > T polymorphism was decreased in highlanders, compared with lowlanders (8% vs. 34%, P = 0.000009). A combined analysis of both markers showed that none of the highlanders with the AGCA deletion carried the HBG2 T allele, in contrast to 43% of lowlanders (P = 0.030). Since the AGCA deletion is associated with diminished expression of fetal γ globin chains, it might affect fetal oxygen supply at high altitude. Both the AGCA deletion and the HBG2 −158 T allele are associated with a delayed fetal to adult globin switch after birth, resulting in a delayed production of adult hemoglobin, thereby possibly affecting the oxygen supply of infants at high altitude.

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“…The issues discussed apply also to studies of HA natives brought to the lowlands for study (Hochachka et al, 1994;Hochachka et al, 1996a;Hochachka et al, 1996b;Holden et al, 1995;Jones et al, 1992;Matheson et al, 1991), and to studies of highland natives migrant to or born and raised in the lowlands (Brutsaert et al, 1999a;Kayser et al, 1996;Kayser et al, 1994;Way, 1976). The studies of Kayser et al, in particular, do not include good descriptions of age, sex, and the history of altitude exposure of the study subjects or the altitude of their parents' birth.…”

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confidence: 97%

Limits on Inferring Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude in Himalayan and Andean Populations

Brutsaert

2001

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Many physiological and anthropological studies have investigated the unique Andean and Himalayan populations that have resided for many hundreds of generations at high altitude (HA). A nonscientific survey of the extant literature reveals a relatively liberal tradition of inferring genetic (evolutionary) adaptation to HA in these groups, often based on limited evidence and/or based on study designs insufficient to fully address the issue. In order to provide some perspective, I review relevant methodological issues that should be considered before evolutionary inference is made. On the whole, this paper takes a conservative stance and cautions against evolutionary inference based on the serious limitations of currently applied research approaches.

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Overall and regional lung function in Andean natives after descent to low altitude

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Higher arterial oxygen saturation during submaximal exercise in Bolivian Aymara compared to European sojourners and Europeans born and raised at high altitude

Higher arterial oxygen saturation during submaximal exercise in Bolivian Aymara compared to European sojourners and Europeans born and raised at high altitude

Native highland and lowland populations differ in .GAMMA.-globin gene promoter polymorphisms related to altered fetal hemoglobin levels and delayed fetal to adult globin switch after birth

Limits on Inferring Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude in Himalayan and Andean Populations

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