Overcoming Bottlenecks for Realizing a Vehicle-to-Grid Infrastructure in Europe through Standardization

Fulari, Sameer Chandrakant; Kaa, Geerten van de

doi:10.3390/electronics10050582

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This procedure could result in valuable input for the decision making process and potentially decrease the uncertainty attached to the decision to adopt one of the standards. We call for future research that attempts to conduct such studies as was previously also done for factors affecting standards dominance [ [85] , [86] , [87] ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards adoption: A comprehensive multidisciplinary review

van de Kaa

2023

Heliyon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards adoption: A comprehensive multidisciplinary review

van de Kaa

2023

Heliyon

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The front-end protocols like IEC61851 and ISO/IEC15118 refer to the link between a PEV and EVSE, whereas the back-end protocols such as the Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) include communication links between EVSE and the third-party operators [7]. Compatibility is highlighted as one of the most important factors affecting the choice of the protocols for EVGI [9]. Therefore, interoperable PEV roaming protocols like those in mobile telecommunication are proposed as a solution for smart charging in [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Communication System Characteristics on Electric Vehicle Grid Integration: A Large-Scale Practical Assessment of the UK’s Cellular Network for the Internet of Energy

Zeinali,

Erdogan,

Bayram

et al. 2023

Electricity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ever-increasing number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) requires appropriate electric vehicle grid integration (EVGI) for charging coordination to maintain grid stability and enhance PEV user convenience. As such, the widespread adoption of electric mobility can be successful. EVGI is facilitated through charging stations and empowers PEV users to manage their charging demand by using smart charging solutions. This makes PEV grids assets that provide flexibility to the power grid. The Internet of Things (IoT) feature can make smooth EVGI possible through a supporting communication infrastructure. In this regard, the selection of an appropriate communication protocol is essential for the successful implementation of EVGI. This study assesses the efficacy of the UK’s 4G network with TCP and 4G UDP protocols for potential EVGI operations. For this, an EVGI emulation test bed is developed, featuring three charging parking lots with the capacity to accommodate up to 64 PEVs. The network’s performance is assessed in terms of data packet loss (e.g., the data-exchange capability between EVGI entities) and latency metrics. The findings reveal that while 4G TCP often outperforms 4G UDP, both achieve latencies of less than 1 s with confidence intervals of 90% or greater for single PEV cases. However, it is observed that the high penetration of PEVs introduces a pronounced latency due to queuing delays in the network including routers and the base station servers, highlighting the challenges associated with maintaining efficient EVGI coordination, which in turn affects the efficient use of grid assets.

show abstract

“…We aim to contribute to the literature on standardization and dominant designs by investigating the extent to which factors for technology dominance can be determined and its process modelled. This has been done in the past by investigating various cases in the energy sector [15] , [16] . However, this is the first time that the case of electrolysis based renewable hydrogen is investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%