Overcoming Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment by Vaccines in Solid Tumor

Abstract

Conventional vaccines are widely used to boost human natural ability to defend against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines attracted the most attention for anti-cancer therapy. According to the main components, it can be divided into five types: cell, DNA, RNA, peptide, and virus-based vaccines. They mainly perform through two rationales: (1) it trains the host immune system to protect itself and effectively eradicate cancer cells; (2) these vaccines expose the immune system to molecules associated with cancer that enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. In this review, we thoroughly summarized the potential strategies and technologies for developing cancer vaccines, which may provide critical achievements for overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment through vaccines in solid tumors.

A facile approach to preparing personalized cancer vaccines using iron-based metal organic framework

“…The effects of cancer vaccines on the tumor microenvironment are not involved. According to existing literature reports, we have reason to believe that the rationally designed cancer vaccines may have a great impact on the tumor microenvironment, such as the infiltration of tumorspecific T cells, the macrophages polarization towards M1 type, the inhibition of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and so on (33)(34)(35). Further research on the above contents will be conducted in the future.…”

Exploring the Complexity and Promise of Tumor Immunotherapy in Drug Development

“…The first and second HPV vaccines were approved by the FDA in 2006 and 2010, respectively. In 2010, Sipuleucel-T (Provenge, Previx), an autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based prostate cancer vaccine, was recognized by the FDA as the first approved therapeutic in tumor vaccines [ 74 , 75 ]. Depending on their preparation, cancer vaccines can be categorized as cellular, peptide, viral, or gene vaccines.…”

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research

“…To enhance the anticancer immune response, a large number of DCs have been prepared and loaded with different TAAs or adjuvants to develop anti-TME vaccines, focusing on five main categories: autologous DCs, autologous tumor-loaded lysate DCs, autologous DCs transfected or pulsed with TAA-encoded RNA, autologous DCs containing recombinant TAA or TAA-derived peptides, and other DCs . 2020 U.S. FDA approval of Sipuleucel-T, the first DC-based vaccine, was successful in treating metastatic prostate cancer …”

“…96 2020 U.S. FDA approval of Sipuleucel-T, the first DC-based vaccine, was successful in treating metastatic prostate cancer. 97 2.3.4. Viral-Based Cancer Vaccines.…”