Overlooked and Invisible: Everyday Experiences of Microaggressions for LGBTQ Adolescents

Munro, Lauren; Travers, Robb; Woodford, Michael R.

doi:10.1080/00918369.2018.1542205

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This work supports the need for continued research on PTG using factors that can capture the five domains in alternative forms both from the quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Finally, these findings also support the calls of Munro et al (2019) and Taylor et al (2018) who have shown that folx who identify as genderqueer/nonbinary can demonstrate a sense of empowerment and pride in their personal identity labels. Their research also calls for growth-based theories to be expanded to include gender diverse folx in future iterations of theory, research and practice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Deepening understanding of nuanced identity within the transgender community through an exploration of posttraumatic growth.

Counselman-Carpenter¹,

Redcay²

2023

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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This study examines the impact of a marginalized sexual orientation identity and gender identity on family support, socialization, spirituality, psychological distress, and suicide risk using secondary data analysis of the 2015 United States Transgender survey. Unique intragroup differences and vulnerabilities between those who identify as transgender and those who identify as transgender and genderqueer/nonbinary, and those who also identify with a marginalized sexual orientation were identified. Genderqueer/nonbinary individuals had lower rates of family support and higher rates of psychological distress when compared to transgender individuals. Genderqueer/nonbinary individuals had higher rates of socialization with the transgender community and lower rates of suicide risk, when compared with transgender individuals. Gender identity did not impact spirituality. Participants who reported a marginalized sexual orientation identity had significantly lower levels of family support, higher levels of psychological distress, were less likely to be spiritual but also had higher levels of socialization with the transgender community when compared with participants who reported a heterosexual identity. Sexual orientation did not impact suicide risk. This analysis presents novel insights indicating the presence of factors related to posttraumatic growth within the transgender community. Implications for practice, policy, and future research for those who identify as transgender and genderqueer/nonbinary, particularly related to risk and protective factors are discussed. Public Significance StatementThis study examines the impact of a marginalized sexual orientation identity and gender identity on family support, socialization, spirituality, psychological distress, and suicide risk using secondary data analysis of the 2015 United States Transgender survey. Findings include recommendations to facilitate posttraumatic growth and for further research specifically related to individuals who identify as both genderqueer/nonbinary and transgender.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Deepening understanding of nuanced identity within the transgender community through an exploration of posttraumatic growth.

Counselman-Carpenter¹,

Redcay²

2023

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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“…One distal stressor that LGBTQ+ individuals frequently experience is microaggressions [8,9]. Microaggressions are typically unconscious behaviors or statements directed at members of marginalized groups that reflect a hostile or discriminatory message [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Moderating Effect of Comfort from Companion Animals and Social Support on the Relationship between Microaggressions and Mental Health in LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults

Matijczak

McDonald

Tomlinson

et al. 2020

Behavioral Sciences

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LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual/gender minority identities) individuals frequently report exposure to microaggressions, which are associated with deleterious mental health outcomes. Social support from humans has been found to be an important protective factor for LGBTQ+ emerging adults. However, an underexplored area of research is the protective role of interactions with companion animals for this population. We conducted simple and multiple moderation analyses to explore whether and to what extent emotional comfort from companion animals and human social support moderated the relationship between LGBTQ-related microaggressions and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our sample included 134 LGBTQ+ emerging adults (mean age of 19.31). We found that social support moderated the relationship between microaggressions and depressive symptoms. The relationship between microaggressions and depressive symptoms was not significant at high levels of social support, indicating the protective nature of human social support. Comfort from companion animals also moderated the relationship between interpersonal microaggressions and depressive symptoms. For participants with high or medium levels of emotional comfort from companion animals, interpersonal microaggressions were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Our results highlight the need to further investigate the complex role of relationships with companion animals on mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ emerging adults.

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“…These subtle daily forms of homonegative speech acts tend to be overlooked or ignored when the focus of policies at schools and in sport is on acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals while such acts do occur on a regular and repetitive basis and thus become performative (e.g. Munro et al, 2019; Nadal et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport

Smits

Knoppers

Elling-Machartzki

2020

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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The acceptance of gay males in sport is growing in various western countries. However, research also suggests that young males, including athletes, tend to engage in homonegative speech acts, often called microaggressions, that make it difficult for them to navigate practices of masculinity. We used solicited diaries or diary logs written by (non-)heterosexual young male team sport athletes (aged 16–25) to investigate how they experienced and heard expressions of homonegative and heteronormative microaggressive speech acts. We drew on Foucault’s notion of discourse, Butler’s conceptualization of performativity of heteronormativity and Sue’s work on microaggressions to examine how microaggressive speech acts by young male athletes reflect current sexual and gender cultural norms. The results revealed how homonegative speech acts were embedded in a gay aesthetic and abject femininity and used to endorse a desirable heteronormative masculinity. We concluded that homonegative microaggressive speech acts contribute to the preservation of discursive heteronormativity in sport despite growing acceptance of non-heterosexual male athletes.

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Overlooked and Invisible: Everyday Experiences of Microaggressions for LGBTQ Adolescents

Cited by 51 publications

References 48 publications

Deepening understanding of nuanced identity within the transgender community through an exploration of posttraumatic growth.

Deepening understanding of nuanced identity within the transgender community through an exploration of posttraumatic growth.

The Moderating Effect of Comfort from Companion Animals and Social Support on the Relationship between Microaggressions and Mental Health in LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults

‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport

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