Overt behavior and ultrasonic vocalization in a fear conditioning paradigm: A dose–response study in the rat

Wöhr, Markus; Borta, Andreas; Schwarting, Rainer K.W.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2005.07.004

Cited by 165 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Low frequency vocalizations, often termed 22-kHz calls, are emitted when rats are exposed to predators [5], foot-shocks [6][7][8][9][10], during inter-male aggression [11,12], drug withdrawal [13,14], handling [15], and social isolation [16]. Remarkably, anxiolytic drugs can reduce such vocalizations [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Transmission of Avoidance Behavior Under Situational Change in Learned and Unlearned Rats

2016

Animal Behavior

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Rats emit distinct types of ultrasonic vocalizations, which differ depending on age, the subject's current state and environmental factors. Since it was shown that 50-kHz calls can serve as indices of the animal's positive subjective state, they have received increasing experimental attention, and have successfully been used to study neurobiological mechanisms of positive affect. However, it is likely that such calls do not only reflect a positive affective state, but that they also serve a communicative purpose. Actually, rats emit the highest rates of 50-kHz calls typically during social interactions, like reproductive behavior, juvenile play and tickling. Furthermore, it was recently shown that rats emit 50-kHz calls after separation from conspecifics. The aim of the present study was to test the communicative value of such 50-kHz calls. In a first experiment, conducted in juvenile rats situated singly on a radial maze apparatus, we showed that 50-kHz calls can induce behavioral activation and approach responses, which were selective to 50-kHz signals, since presentation of 22-kHz calls, considered to be aversive or threat signals, led to behavioral inhibition. In two other experiments, we used either natural 50-kHz calls, which had been previously recorded from other rats, or artificial sine wave stimuli, which were identical to these calls with respect to peak frequency, call length and temporal appearance. These signals were presented to either juvenile (Exp. 2) or adult (Exp. 3) male rats. Our data clearly show that 50-kHz signals can induce approach behavior, an effect, which was more pronounced in juvenile rats and which was not selective to natural calls, especially in adult rats. The recipient rats also emitted some 50-kHz calls in response to call presentation, but this effect was observed only in adult subjects. Together, our data show that 50-kHz calls can serve communicative purposes, namely as a social signal, which increases the likelihood of approach in the recipient conspecific.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Transmission of Avoidance Behavior Under Situational Change in Learned and Unlearned Rats

2016

Animal Behavior

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“…Several studies of the impact of noise from military and industrial activities have been conducted in bird species of concern (Delaney et al, 1999(Delaney et al, , 2011Goudie and Jones, 2004). Similarly, doseresponse studies of noise exposure in laboratory animals are relatively rare (Wöhr et al, 2005). Little information on dose-response relationships between sound exposure and marine mammal behavior exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure amplitude and repetition affect bottlenose dolphin behavioral responses to simulated mid-frequency sonar signals

Houser

Martin

Finneran

2013

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Thirty bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) participated in a controlled exposure study using an acoustic stimulus that consisted of a simulated tactical sonar signal (1-s duration, 3250-3450 Hz). Each dolphin was trained a behavior requiring it to swim across an enclosure, touch a paddle, and return to the starting location. Ten-trial control and exposure sessions were performed with each dolphin. Dolphins were placed into one of five groups, each of which received a 115, 130, 145, 160, 175 or 185 dB re 1 μPa (rms) sound pressure level (SPL) exposure while crossing the enclosure on exposure trials. A canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the set of behavioral responses most interrelated with the independent variables of exposure level, trial number, and age. Responses that significantly contributed to the canonical model were used to create doseresponse functions based on the received SPL. Dose-response functions demonstrated a robust relationship between received SPL and the probability of response and indicated rapid habituation to repetitive exposures with received SPL ≤ 160 dB. No habituation was observed at received SPL ≥ 175 dB re 1 μPa and all dolphins refused to participate in trials when the received SPL = 185 dB re 1 μPa. Although bottlenose dolphins may rapidly habituate to sound exposures below a certain level, particularly if there is food motivation, abandonment of behaviors increases rapidly at received levels ≥ 175 dB re 1 μPa.

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“…Based on data from [40], with extensions. b Emission of 22-kHz USV in 3-month-old male Wistar rats during fear conditioning dependent on the individual disposition to show anxiety-related behaviour as measured on the elevated plus maze: low (n=10), high (n=10).…”

Section: Affective State 22-khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations (Usv) a Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent ultrasonic communication and its relevance for models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Wöhr

Schwarting

2010

E-Neuroforum

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Mice and rats produce and perceive calls in the ultrasonic range (so-called ultrasonic vocalizations, USV). Various USV types can be differentiated on the basis of distinct acoustic features. Their occurrence is dependent on stage of development, affective state and social context. When separated from nest and littermates, young mice and rats emit isolation-induced USV, which induce maternal search and retrieval behaviour. Isolation-induced USV are used as an early marker of anxiety. Adult rats emit fear-induced USV in aversive situations such as predator exposure. They fulfil an alarm function and induce anxiety-related behaviour in conspecifics. Fear-induced USV are also used in the field of anxiety research. Finally, juvenile and adult mice and rats emit interaction-induced USV in presumably appetitive situations such as rough-and-tumble play or social investigation. As they can also be elicited by drugs of abuse, they are used in the field of addiction and depression research. They have an affiliative communicative function and induce social approach behaviour in the recipient. Focusing on the communicative function of interaction-induced USV, they serve as a measure for deficits in social behaviour and communication and hence are increasingly used in animal models for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism.

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Overt behavior and ultrasonic vocalization in a fear conditioning paradigm: A dose–response study in the rat

Cited by 165 publications

References 38 publications

Social Transmission of Avoidance Behavior Under Situational Change in Learned and Unlearned Rats

Social Transmission of Avoidance Behavior Under Situational Change in Learned and Unlearned Rats

Exposure amplitude and repetition affect bottlenose dolphin behavioral responses to simulated mid-frequency sonar signals

Rodent ultrasonic communication and its relevance for models of neuropsychiatric disorders

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