Overview of Biofluids and Flow Sensing Techniques Applied in Clinical Practice

Canal, Carlos Yáñez; DeMas-Giménez, Gerard; Royo, Santiago

doi:10.3390/s22186836

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The viscobeads technique offers a new perspective on the materials-tissue interfaces used to regulate fluid transport in vivo. Similar interface designs could be further extended to other biological tissues that regulate bio-fluid flow with micro-architectures, such as the lymphatic system, pulmonary alveolus, and bones [58][59][60] . As a tool to study the neurodegeneration of glaucoma, the viscobeads technique provides a scalable and accessible engineering method to introduce in vivo occlusion for models of ocular hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Driven In Vivo Occlusion Design Provides a Reliable Experimental Glaucoma Model

Hong,

Tian,

Glynn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fluid flow transport through the trabecular meshwork tissues is a major regulator of intraocular pressure (IOP) modulation in healthy and glaucomatous individuals. Microbead occlusion models of ocular hypertension regulate aqueous humor drainage to induce high IOP to allow for in vivo study of pressure-related glaucomatous pathology. However, the reliability and application of current injectable microbeads are hindered by inadequate design of the beads-tissue interfaces to maintain a stable IOP elevation over the long term. Considering the graded, porous architecture and fluid transport of the trabecular meshwork, we developed a tailored, injectable viscobeads technique, which induced a sustained elevation of IOP for at least 8 weeks. These composite viscobeads contain a non-degradable polystyrene (PS) core for structural support and a biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) viscoelastic surface. This approach enhances the obstruction of aqueous humor drainage through heterogeneous sizes of trabecular meshwork fenestrations and reliably modulates the magnitude and duration of ocular hypertension. In a mouse model, a single viscobeads injection resulted in sustained IOP elevation (average 21.4+-1.39 mm Hg), leading to a 34% retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss by 56 days. In an earlier stage of glaucoma progression, we conducted non-invasive electroretinography (ERG) recording and revealed glaucomatous progression by analyzing high-frequency oscillatory potentials. To further explore the application of the viscobeads glaucoma models, we assayed a series of genes through adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated screening in mice and assessed the impact of genetic manipulation on RGC survivals. CRISPR mediated disruption of the genes, PTEN, ATF3 and CHOP enhanced RGC survival while LIN 28 disruption negatively impacted RGC survival. This biologically driven viscobeads design provides an accessible approach to investigate chronic intraocular hypertension and glaucoma-like neurodegeneration and ultimately tenders the opportunity to evaluate genetic and pharmacological therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically Driven In Vivo Occlusion Design Provides a Reliable Experimental Glaucoma Model

Hong,

Tian,

Glynn

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The detection of biomarkers in various biological fluids with wearable sensors has attracted extensive attention from researchers [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Up to now, blood is still the most important biological fluid for health diagnosis, but research attention starts to shift to non-invasive fluids, such as sweat, tears, saliva, and ISF.…”

Section: Detection Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions

et al. 2023

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Flexible and wearable biosensors have received tremendous attention over the past decade owing to their great potential applications in the field of health and medicine. Wearable biosensors serve as an ideal platform for real-time and continuous health monitoring, which exhibit unique properties such as self-powered, lightweight, low cost, high flexibility, detection convenience, and great conformability. This review introduces the recent research progress in wearable biosensors. First of all, the biological fluids often detected by wearable biosensors are proposed. Then, the existing micro-nanofabrication technologies and basic characteristics of wearable biosensors are summarized. Then, their application manners and information processing are also highlighted in the paper. Massive cutting-edge research examples are introduced such as wearable physiological pressure sensors, wearable sweat sensors, and wearable self-powered biosensors. As a significant content, the detection mechanism of these sensors was detailed with examples to help readers understand this area. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to push this research area forward and expand practical applications in the future.

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“…Breath is generally considered as gas-phased human biofluid, incorporating many gas molecules, exogenous metabolites, and even viral particles. [75] In general, biomarkers for breath analysis include volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs), in addition to typical gases like CO 2 and NO as more than 250 different types of VOCs have been found in exhaled breath. [76] For example, isopropyl alcohol and fatty acid derivatives (e.g., pentane) are considered a potential factor indicative of inflammation.…”

Section: Electrochemical Sensors Targeting Breathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Analytes in Biofluids

Lee

Kim

Soltis

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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More than half of all Americans suffer from chronic diseases, the leading causes of death and disability. However, prompt treatment of chronic diseases can lead to better patient outcomes and a reduced burden on the healthcare system. This highlights the urgent need for electrochemical (EC) sensors that provide non‐invasive, real‐time monitoring of disease‐indicating biomarkers. Due to their high sensitivity, high selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness, EC biosensors have recently shown tremendous promise for individualized health monitoring. This review explains the working principles of EC biosensors. It summarizes the recent advances and improvements of EC biosensors for detecting biomarkers in different biofluids, including tears, saliva, breath, urine, and sweat. Through a comprehensive overview of EC biosensor technologies, this article is expected to aid the development of flexible and wearable EC biosensing systems that have the potential to provide continuous, long‐term health monitoring for both clinical and at‐home use.

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Overview of Biofluids and Flow Sensing Techniques Applied in Clinical Practice

Cited by 9 publications

References 124 publications

Biologically Driven In Vivo Occlusion Design Provides a Reliable Experimental Glaucoma Model

Biologically Driven In Vivo Occlusion Design Provides a Reliable Experimental Glaucoma Model

Flexible and Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Health Conditions

Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Analytes in Biofluids

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