Overview of Diagnostic Methods, Disease Prevalence and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) in Humans and Animal Reservoirs

Chauhan, Ravendra P.; Fogel, Ronen; Limson, Janice

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11051186

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR can be performed from lesion samples. WHO suggested using the surface of patient lesions with swab sticks, exudates, or crusts [ 56 ]. In addition, blood, semen, urine, genital, and rectal swabs also can be collected for MPX diagnosis.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Islam,

Mumin,

Haque

et al. 2023

Infectious Medicine

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Islam,

Mumin,

Haque

et al. 2023

Infectious Medicine

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“…Human-to-human transmission can occur through close physical contact with infected individuals or their contaminated materials, such as bedding or clothing. Respiratory droplets can also spread the virus, but this requires prolonged face-to-face interactions [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to the Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Bragazzi,

Woldegerima,

et al. 2024

Viruses

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The 2022–2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes the scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam, linked to a new Mpox sub-lineage in women, emphasized the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of this disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

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“… 22 In resource-limited settings, the fatality rate can be as high as 17%, 23 falling between the mortality rates of variola minor (1%) and variola major (30%). 24 Diagnosing mpox is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other orthopoxviruses, 25 limited availability of lab tests, and varying accuracy of current diagnostic tests. 26 Treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care through the use of antiviral drugs, pain relievers, and fluids to prevent dehydration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors of Monkeypox Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Aynalem,

Abate,

Meseret

et al. 2024

JMDH

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Background Fighting health threats, especially the rise of new infectious diseases, is one of the main responsibilities of healthcare workers. However, their knowledge and attitudes toward monkeypox have not yet been assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and factors associated with monkeypox infection among healthcare workers at Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1–30, 2022. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed. The degree of association was interpreted using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value < 0.05. Results Among the 200 healthcare workers who participated, 38.5% (95% CI: 32.5%–45%) and 62% (95% CI: 55–68.5%) had good knowledge and positive attitudes regarding monkeypox respectively. Having a master’s degree or above (AOR = 11.25: 95% CI: 2.03–62.33), being vaccinated against COVID-19 (AOR = 2.60: 95% CI: 1.37–4.94), and having access to information about monkeypox (AOR = 3.37: 95% CI: 1.33–8.50) were the factors associated with good knowledge. Furthermore, a positive attitude was significantly associated with being 30 years of age or older (AOR = 2.95: 95% CI: 1.55–5.60) and having access to information about monkeypox (AOR = 4.14: 95% CI: 2.06, 8.30). Conclusion Both good knowledge and positive attitudes were relatively low among healthcare workers. Factors such as age, education level, COVID-19 vaccination status, and access to information about monkeypox were significantly associated with the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers. To enhance the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers, hospitals should consider offering educational upgrades, hosting educational events like seminars, conferences, webinars, and campaigns, and ensuring comprehensive coverage of the topic in medical curricula.

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Overview of Diagnostic Methods, Disease Prevalence and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) in Humans and Animal Reservoirs

Abstract: [...]

Cited by 21 publications

References 183 publications

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Monkeypox virus (MPXV): A Brief account of global spread, epidemiology, virology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to the Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective

Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors of Monkeypox Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

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